Transcript Just Do It!

Propaganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately
spread widely to help or harm a person,
group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Effects of War
Boundaries of European nations were redrawn
 Old Empires disappeared – Russia, Ottoman,
German, Austria-Hungary
 New nations emerged – Finland, Lithuania, Latvia,
Estonia (Russia), Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia
(Austria-Hungary), Poland (Germany, Russia)
Aristocratic politics were now a thing of the past
 Czar was gone in Russia, Kaiser gone in Germany,
Emperor gone in Austria
After 4 years of fighting, European governments were
nearly bankrupt
TOTAL DEAD
Casualties
~625,000
Approx. 65 million soldiers fought in the war
 9.7 million soldiers killed
 21 million wounded (30 million total
casualties)
~405,000
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117,465* US Deaths
205,690 US Wounded
12 million civilians casualties (disease,
starvation)
~117,000
Flu Pandemic (1918-19) 20-40 million
dead worldwide
Peace of Paris
January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered
to create peace treaties
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Germany was not invited
The “Big Four” made most of the decisions:
US – Woodrow Wilson
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Urged the convention to adopt the LEAGUE OF
NATIONS
Great Britain - David Lloyd George
France - Georges Clemenceau
Italy – Vittorio Orlando
Wilson was idealistic; others were nationalistic
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(remember how nationalism caused war?)
Treaty of Versailles--1919
“War Guilt” – Germany was to blame for war
Germans to pay $31 billion reparations (amounted to
38% of her national wealth)
100,000 man army;
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banned draft & manufacturing of major weapons
“Mandates”
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Lost land to France, Poland, Britain, and more
These nations now had control or “mandate” over
these formally German lands
Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to give away 13% of her
territory
Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to give away 13% of her
territory
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This meant the loss of:
6 million people
65% of iron ore reserves
45% of her coal
72% of her zinc
10% of her factories
Germany was financially ruined
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Versailles left Germany bitter…
Treaty of Versailles
US Senate had to ratify the treaty
 However, the Senate refused joined League of Nations
 Why? U.S. Senators were uncomfortable putting so
power in the hands of an int’l organization and NOT in
the hands of U.S. leaders
So, the U.S. never officially signed (ratified) the Treaty of
Versailles
Some thought the treaty was too lenient
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"This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years.“ –
Marshall Foch (high ranking French military leader)
Some thought it was too harsh…
In Flanders Fields – J. McCrae
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved, and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.