Transcript Slide 1

OGT TERMS
A glossary of terms for
the Ohio Graduation Test.
Terms 82-97
STOCK MARKET
CRASH OF 1929
On October 29, thousands of investors
panicked and tried to sell their stocks at
any price, causing stock prices to
collapse. The crash threw the world
economy into a Great Depression. (67)
Black Tuesday – Stock Market Crash
TARIFF
A tax imposed
on goods
imported from
foreign
countries.
(120)
C
Which action could the U.S.
government employ to
protect U.S. automobile
manufacturers from foreign
competition?
A. increase taxes on the
production of U.S.
automobiles
B. create free trade agreements
with automobile-producing
countries
C. increase tariffs and import
restrictions on foreign
automobiles
D. implement stricter control of
competition among U.S.
automobile manufacturers
THEOCRACY
2008 Test Question
A government
ruled by
religious
leaders. (134)
Under what system of
government are leaders
typically chosen by church
officials or religious elders?
A. theocracy
B. dictatorship
C. presidential democracy
A
D. constitutional monarchy
Ayatollah Khomeini - Theocracy
2009 Question
A government was chosen by the majority party in the
legislature. The people revolted and established a
new government in which the ruler was chosen by
religious elders and used power to enforce religious
law.
How did the system of government change?
A. from a theocracy to an absolute monarchy
B. from a presidential democracy to a dictatorship
C. from a dictatorship to a constitutional monarchy
D. from a parliamentary democracy to a theocracy
D
THESIS
An argument that
is presented in
a report. The
thesis states
the main idea
of the report in
one sentence.
(161)
B
The school board of a particular school
district has proposed a school
uniform policy. It believes that the
policy will improve student behavior.
This thesis could be supported or
refuted by
A. data on student behavior in other
school districts that do not have
school uniform policies.
B. data from other school districts
comparing student behavior before
and after similar uniform policies
were put into effect.
C. data from schools within the school
district regarding students’ views of
the uniform policy.
D. data from schools within the school
district regarding current student
behavior.
TRADITIONAL
ECONOMY
An economic system in which the
chief economic decisions are
answered by tradition and custom.
(113)
2009 Question
In a certain country, decisions regarding production and
consumption of goods are based upon customs, beliefs,
rituals, and habits. Over time, the economic system
changes to one in which production decisions are based
on competition and consumer choice.
How has the economic system of this country changed?
A. from a mixed economy to a command economy
B. from a command economy to a mixed economy
C. from a traditional economy to a market economy
D. from a market economy to a traditional economy
C
TREATY OF
VERSAILLES (1919)
The treaty with
Germany ending
World War I. The
treaty was noted for
its harsh treatment
of Germany and
creation of the
League of Nations.
(45)
Historians often cite the
harshness of the Treaty
of Versailles on
Germany as a primary
cause of the eventual
outbreak of World War
II. Summarize two
provisions of the
Versailles Treaty
relating to Germany
and discuss how each
helped lead to World
War II. Write your
answer in the Answer
Document. (4 points)
TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1919)
2009 Question
In 1923, Adolf Hitler, the future leader of Nazi Germany, declared:
The day must come when a German government shall
summon up the courage to declare to the foreign powers:
“The Treaty of Versailles is founded on a monstrous lie.” We
fulfill nothing more. Do what you will! If you want battle, look
for it! Source: Adolf Hitler, Speech of August 1, 1923, reprinted at
www.nizkor.org
This excerpt would help support which thesis?
A. Hitler believed the League of Nations would help Germany.
B. Hitler believed Germany was responsible for starting World War I.
C. Hitler used German resentment toward the Treaty of Versailles to
gain power.
D. Hitler wanted the World War I Allies to live up to what they
promised in the Treaty of Versailles.
C
2009 Question
As a result of the Versailles Treaty, Germany lost its
overseas colonies in Africa. How did the loss of these
colonies contribute to the outbreak of World War II?
A. Without Germany as a competitor for colonies, Britain and
France put little effort into rebuilding their navies.
B. The Nazis exploited German resentment of their colonial
losses by engaging in territorial expansion in Europe.
B
C. Rivalries between Britain and France for territory in Africa
prevented these countries from taking action to stop
aggression in Europe.
D. The United States ignored Germany’s military build-up
because Germany was not likely to become powerful
without raw materials from its former African colonies.
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
The Cold War policy in which
President Truman pledged to give
assistance to the governments of
Greece and Turkey and to all other
“free peoples” resisting
Communism. (53)
TRUMAN DOCTRINE QUESTION
On March 12, 1947, President Truman addressed a joint session of
Congress to recommend that the United States provide economic
assistance to Greece and Turkey. His reasons were as follows:
•
The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want.
They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. …
•
The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining
their freedoms.
•
If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the
world—and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own Nation.
President Harry S. Truman, address to Congress, March 12, 1947
This statement would be helpful in supporting the thesis that, in 1947,
President Truman believed the United States
A. had little to gain from membership in the United Nations.
B. was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic issues.
C. should help maintain democratic governments in other countries.
D. should conserve its resources to maintain its own economic
strength.
C
TWENTY-SIXTH
AMENDMENT
The constitutional
amendment that
gave 18-to 20year-olds the
right to vote.
(128)
One way the U.S. Constitution
evolves is through the
amendment process. How
were the changes that
occurred as a result of the
ratification of the 19th and
26th Amendments similar?
A. Large groups of people gained
the right to vote.
B. The right of individuals to bear
arms was restricted.
C. The powers of the federal
government were expanded.
A
D. The separation of church and
state was more clearly
defined.
UFW (UNITED FARM
WORKERS)
The group organized
in the early 1960s
by Cesar Chavez
to help migrant
workers gain better
pay and working
conditions. (83)
In the 1960s and 1970s,
Hispanic-American farm
workers in the United States
believed their employers
were failing to provide
reasonable wages and
working conditions like
those received by other
American workers.
For this reason, HispanicAmerican farm workers
A. urged the exportation of
agricultural produce.
B. organized the United Farm
Workers Association.
B
C. encouraged farm producers
to lower prices.
D. opposed passage of antidiscrimination laws.
UNITED NATIONS
An international
peacekeeping
organization
formed after World
War II to promote
international
harmony, peace
and economic
development. (81)
D
In the United Nations Charter,
member nations pledge to
“unite our strength to maintain
international peace and
security.” Since ratification of
its charter following World
War II, the primary goal of the
United Nations has been to
A. restore world trade disrupted
by World War II.
B. encourage industrial growth
begun during World War II.
C. establish policies to help
nations pay World War II
debts.
D. intervene in world conflicts to
prevent another war such as
World War II.
UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA v. BAKKE
A case in which the Supreme Court ruled
that universities could not use racial
quotas for admission, but could take race
into account as a factor for admission.
(131)
URBANIZATION
The movement of
large numbers
of people from
rural areas to
cities, primarily
in search of
jobs. (29)
B
In 1950, New York City was the
only city in the world with a
population of more than ten
million people. By 2000, there
were nineteen cities with
populations of over ten million
people. One reason for this
increase in urbanization was
A. a decrease in birthrates around
the world.
B. the spread of industrialization
around the world.
C. an increase in air pollution in
industrialized areas.
D. the collapse of the Soviet
Union and the end of the Cold
War.
VIETNAM WAR
The war fought during the 1960s
and early 1970s by American
and South Vietnamese forces
against communist North
Vietnam. (55)
WOMEN’S LIBERATION
MOVEMENT
A campaign begun in
the 1960s aimed at
attaining equal
rights for women.
(74)
A
What was the perspective of
women who founded the
National Organization for
Women (NOW) in 1966?
A. Women wanted to receive
equal pay and opportunities
for advancement in the
workplace.
B. Women were afraid of being
forced to work in physically
challenging jobs.
C. Women were angry at the
prospect of having to serve in
the military.
D. Women wanted to gain the
right to vote and to own
property.
WORLD WAR I
(1914-1919)
The first of two destructive global
wars in the 20th century.
Conflicting nationalist aims in
Europe led to its outbreak. (43)
WORLD WAR II
(1939-1945)
The second global war of the 20th
century, caused by German
aggression in Europe and Japanese
expansion in Asia. World War II
was the most destructive war in
human history. (47)