Transcript SOL 9a Essential Questions

SOL 9a
Essential Questions
 Why did the United States abandon its
traditional isolationist foreign policy?
 How did the United States expand its
influence in the world?
Creation of international markets
 Open Door Policy
– Secretary of State
John Hay proposed
a policy that would
give all nations
equal trading rights
in China.
Imperialism
 A country tries to become dominant over
the world economically, militarily, or
politically.
Open Door Policy
Creation of
international markets
 Dollar Diplomacy
– President Taft urged
American banks
and businesses to
invest in Latin
America.
– He promised that
the United States
would step in if
unrest threatened
their investments.
Creation of international markets
 Growth in international
trade occurred from the late
1800s to World War I
– The first era of a true
“global economy”
Causes of the Spanish American
War
 1. yellow journalism
 2. De’Lome letter
 3. explosion of the USS Maine
 4. US imperialism
Latin America
 Spanish American War
– Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States.
– The United States asserted the right to
intervene in Cuban affairs.
Spanish American War
Latin America
 Panama Canal and the
role of Theodore
Roosevelt
– United States
encouraged Panama’s
independence from
Colombia.
– Parties negotiated a
treaty to build the
canal.
Asia and the Pacific
 Hawaii
– U.S. efforts to depose
Hawaii’s monarchy.
– U.S. annexation of
Hawaii.
Asia and the Pacific
 Philippines
– Annexed after Spanish
American War
 Open Door Policy
– Urged all foreigners in
China to obey Chinese
law, observe fair
competition.
SOL 9b
Essential Questions
 Why did the U.S. become involved in
World War I?
 How did visions of the postwar world
differ?
4 MAIN Causes of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
 The 1800s saw a rise in militarism
– the glorification of the military
 The great powers expanded their
armies and navies, creating an
arms race that further increased
suspicions and made war more
likely.
Alliances
 Distrust led the great powers to sign treaties
pledging to defend one another
 These alliances were intended to create powerful
combinations that no one would dare attack
 However, the growth of rival alliance systems
increased international tensions
Imperialism
 Imperial rivalries divided European nations
 In 1906 and again in 1911, competition for colonies
brought France and Germany to the brink of war
• This united Great Britain & France against
Germany
Nationalism
 Nationalism = a strong feeling of pride in and
devotion to one’s country
 Nationalist feelings were strong in both Germany
and France
 In Eastern Europe, Pan-Slavism held that all
Slavic peoples shared a common nationality
– Russia felt that it had a duty to lead and defend
all Slavs
2 Major Alliances
 Allied Powers: France, Great Britain & Russia
 Central Powers: Germany & Austria-Hungary
Assassination in Sarajevo
 In 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand
of Austria-Hungary visited Sarajevo,
the capital of Bosnia.
 At the time, Bosnia was under the
rule of Austria-Hungary. But it was
also the home of many Serbs and
other Slavs.
 News of the royal visit angered many
Serbian nationalists because they
viewed Austrians as foreign
oppressors.
 Members of a Serbian terrorist group
assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and
his wife.
Conflict Widens
 After the assassination of the archduke, Austria sent
Serbia an ultimatum, or final set of demands.
 Serbia agreed to most, but not all, of the terms of
Austria’s ultimatum. As a result, Austria declared war on
Serbia.
 Germany offered full support to Austria-Hungary.
Instead of urging restraint, the Kaiser gave Austria a
“blank check”
Conflict Widens
 Serbia sought help from Russia, the champion of
Slavic nations.
 When Austria refused to soften its demands,
Russia began to mobilize.
 Germany responded by declaring war on Russia.
 Russia appealed to its ally France.
– France offered full support to Russia,
prompting Germany to declare war on France.
Influence of the Colonies
 European colonies were drawn into the struggle
 The Allies overran German colonies in Africa
and Asia
 They also looked to their colonies for troops,
laborers, and supplies
 Colonies’ participation in the war increased
demands for independence
German forces swept through Belgium toward
Paris
Russia mobilized more quickly than expected
Germany shifted some troops to the east to
confront Russia, weakening German forces in the
west
British and French troops defeat Germany in the
Battle of the Marne. This destroyed Germany’s
hopes for a quick victory on the Western Front
The result was a long, deadly stalemate, a
deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the
other
Europe at War, 1914-1918
Western Front Animated Map
Realities of War Video
Trench Warfare
 Trench warfare is a form of war in which both
opposing armies have static lines of fortifications
dug into the ground, facing each other.
 Trench warfare arose when there was a revolution
in firepower without similar advances in mobility
and communications.
3-D Tour of Trenches
Trench Game
Technology
Modern weapons added greatly to the
destructiveness of the war:
 Airplane: A one- or two-seat propeller plane was
equipped with a machine gun. At first the planes were
used for observation – Later, they engaged in
individual combat.
Automatic Machine Gun: A mounted gun that fired a
rapid stream of bullets made it possible for a few
gunners to mow down waves of soldiers – helped
create a stalemate.
 Submarines: Underwater ships, or U-boats, could
launch torpedoes, or guided underwater bombs. Used
by Germany to destroy Allied shipping, U-boat attacks
helped bring the United States into the war.
War Video
U.S. Involvement in World War
I
 The war began in Europe
in 1914 when
Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war
with Britain, France, and Russia.
U.S. Involvement in World War I
 For three years,
America remained
neutral, and there was
strong sentiment not
to get involved in a
European war.
Reasons we go to WAR
 Zimmermann
Note- note from
Germany to
Mexico to attack
the US
 U-boats sunk
Lusitania- 127
people are killed
Election of 1916
 Wilson wins on the
slogan, “ He KEPT
US OUT OF
WAR”
U.S. Involvement in World War I
 The decision to enter
the war was the result
of continuing German
submarine warfare
(freedom of the seas)
and the American ties
to Great Britain.
U.S. Involvement in
World War I
 Americans wanted to
“make the world safe
for democracy”
(Wilson)
 America’s military
resources of soldiers
and war materials
tipped the balance of
the war and led to
Germany’s defeat.
Impact of the War at Home
 Selective Service Act- draft
 Liberty Bonds and Income Tax
 Espionage and Sedition Acts
 Campaign to Portray Germans as Barbaric
Huns
Posters of the WAR
Fourteen Points
 Wilson’s plan to
eliminate the causes
of war
Key Ideas
– Self-determination
– Freedom of the sea
– League of Nations
– Mandate system
Treaty of Versailles
 The French and
English insisted on
punishment of
Germany.
 A League of Nations
was created.
 National boundaries
were redrawn,
creating many new
nations.
Wilson addressing Congress for
approval of League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
 World War I ends with the Treaty of Versailles which:
• forced Germany to assume full blame for
causing the war
• imposed huge reparations upon Germany
• limited the size of the German military
• returned Alsace and Lorraine to France
• stripped Germany of its overseas colonies
 The Germans signed the treaty because they had no choice
 However, German resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
would lead to an even deadlier world war (WWII)
League Debate in United States
 Objections to U.S.
foreign policy
decisions made by an
international
organization, not by
U.S. leaders.
 Senate’s failure to
approve Treaty of
Versailles