Transcript The Great War

The Great War
Chapter 29
I. Road to World War
Nationalism
 Positive effect = unity within a country
 Negative effect = competition with other
nations
• Europe’s Great Powers- France,
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great
Britain, Russia, and Italy were rivals
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Imperialism
• The competition for over-seas colonies led
to mistrust and competition and near war
Militarism- the policy of having a large,
strong army that was prepared for war by
being able to quickly mobilized
• European Arms Race- belief that to be
truly great you had to have a large military
• Made citizens feel patriotic and foreigners
frightened
Alliances
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Designed to help keep peace in
Europe, but would push everyone
into war
Triple Alliance (Bismarck)=
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
(Goal to unify against future French
aggression)
They also signed a treaty with Russia
II. Kaiser Wilhelm II
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Built a strong German army;
forced Bismarck to resign
Allowed the treaty with Russia to lapse.
• Russia aligned with France out of fear
wanted a powerful navy (better than
Britain's)
• Britain aligned through an agreement
(entente) with France in 1907 that they
would not fight each other, then signed
one with Russia
Two Sets of Alliances
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Triple Entente
England
France
Russia
Some of these had additional alliances with other nations that eventually
bound them together…Example: Russia with Serbia
The Balkans
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Eastern Europe; former
parts of the Ottoman
Empire that had gained
independence
Problem- Slavic people were
spread throughout the
region
Serbians sought to join all
Slavic people into one
nation (Russia supported)
Austria-Hungary held lots of
land made of Slavs and
Serbia wanted it!!!
Both vowed to fight if
necessary!
The shot….
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Serbians in Bosnia
wanted the AustroHungarians out
June 28, 1914- Heir
to the throne
(Archduke Franz
Ferdinand) and his
wife visited the
capital
A 19 year old,
Serbian member of
the Black Hand
group shot & killed
them
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Austria blamed Serbia & sent them
demands to avoid war
Serbia accepted most, but AustriaHungary still declared war
Because of their alliance, Russia
declared war on Austria-Hungary
Chapter 29
Sections 3 & 4
A Global
Conflict
Review from Yesterday
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Causes
• Militarism
• Alliance System
• Nationalism
• Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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Sides
• Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia
• Central Powers: Austria-Hungary,
Germany
How WWI Affected the World
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During the middle of the war things really
started to slow down (stalemate)
Those major countries (who had been
fighting from the beginning) were looking
for other countries to join in the fight to
tip the balances.
The war spread from Europe
• Gallipoli Campaign – a fight in the Dardanelles
• Battles in Asia and Africa
• America joins the fight
America enters WWI
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When – 1917
Why –
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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Definition: sinking all ships in the Atlantic w/o
warning the ships.
Lusitainia and the Sussex
• Zimmerman Note
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Telegram being sent by the Germans to the Mexicans
that was intercepted by the British
Contents: If you attack America, we will help you get
territory
Results – Tips the balance of the war
How WWI Affected those left
at Home
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Because this conflict involved so many
countries and lasted so much longer than
it was first thought a new mentality was
used on the home-front: Total War
Total War: when a country devotes ALL of
its resources to winning the war
• Factories made war supplies, not consumer
items
• All people became employed at something
• Rationing – buy and use only small amounts of
the certain items
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“Meatless Mondays” / “Wheatless Wednesdays”
World War I Concludes
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The War began to draw to a close
• Why
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USA joined the fight (Remember – tipped
the scales)
Russia jumped out of WW I early
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Russian Revolution (1917)
MASSIVE loss of life
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Communism takes control
German people were tired of fighting
Ending Date – November 1918
Stats of WWI
Deaths of WWI
USA, 0.1
Great Britain,
0.9
France, 1.3
Others, 0.9
AustriaHungary, 1.2
Russia, 1.7
Germany, 1.8
Treaty of Versailles:
A Flawed Peace
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A peace conference was set to take
place in Versailles France (not far
from Paris)
There were 4 major countries who
were involved in this meeting:
• Woodrow Wilson, USA
• David Lloyd George, Great Britain
• Georges Clemenceau, France
• Vittorio Orlando, Italy
Treaty of Versailles:
A Flawed Peace
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Major Provisions
1) League of Nations – peace organization,
Germany excluded
2) Territorial Losses – Germany loses all of its
overseas territories, and land gained during
the war
3) Military Restrictions – Germany was
limited in the size of army, navy, and air
forces that they could maintain.
4) War Guilt – Germany had to assume TOTAL
guilt for causing the war, and was forced to
pay $33 billion in war debt over the next 30
years.*
(*Hitler would refer to this when he gained power in the coming years)
Propaganda:
Information spread
To advance a cause
Or to damage an
Opponent’s cause.
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