Transcript Causes of WWI continued final

Should you always support
an ally?
•The scramble for Africa has run its course. The territories in
Africa have been distributed…
•Not equally however…
•Not to the approval of indigenous African tribes…
•To the benefit of (satisfied) …Great Britain, France, Spain
•Wishing for More(unsatisfied)…Belgium, Italy, German
•This distribution of land/territories in Africa has brought
opportunities in the form of natural resources to some, other
feel resentment and even anger.
CSI: 1914-06
Do Now: Identify the name
of this European leader.
I am the heir to the Austrian throne and I control the mighty
empire of Austria-Hungary. I often visit the various territories
of my empire. My wife Sophie is hesitant to visit Sarajevo this
month as the nationalist group the “Black Hand” an
organization which promotes Serbian nationalism, does not
approve of Austria-Hungary controlling Serbia, and many of
them have attempted to assassinate me before. Luckily, for my
country we have alliances with Germany and if any difficulties
should come our way, Germany will have to come to our aid.
WHO AM I?
Assassination and Ultimatum
CSI Answer: I am the Archduke
Franz Ferdinand. Ferdinand and
Sophie were shot by 19-year-old
Gavrilo Princip (right), a
Serbian nationalist member of
the terrorist organization Black
Hand.
 As a result of alliances, AustriaHungary declared war against
Serbia and the alliance system
pulls all the powerful European
nations into WWI or The Great
War.
The
MAIN
Causes
of
World War I
Marching Toward War
EQ: What attitudes, innovations and events
caused WWI? What factors motivated the
U.S. to enter WWI?
MAIN IDEAS
 Science & Technology; Advances in weaponry, from
improvements to the machine gun and airplane, to the
invention of the tank – all led to devastation during
World War I
 Economics; The war effected many European
economies. Desperate for resources, the warring
governments converted many industries to munitions
factories.They also took greater control of the
production of goods
 Power & authority; The quest among European
nations for greater power played a role in causing
Essential Questions:
 Identify the four MAIN factors that lead to the start of “the Great War”
– World War I
 Which of the forces at work in Europe played the greatest role in helping
to prompt the outbreak of war?
 Evaluate the aspects of warfare introduced and utilized during WWI.
Analyze/Predict how the impact of these aspects of future conflicts.
 Were the conditions of the Versailles Treaty fair? Consider all the nations
affected..
Based on the terms of the treaty could the future been predicted…
Militarism: the development of the
armed forces as a tool of diplomacy.
Militarism
Germany
France
Russia
1880
1.3m
0.73m
0.40m
1914
5.0m
4.0m
1.2m
Alliances: pact, coalition or friendship between
two or more parties, made in order to advance
common goals and to secure common interests.
Military Alliances
Before World War I
Imperialism: military, economic, political,
cultural control over a weaker territory by a
stronger one
•The 14 nations of Europe had agreed
on the division of Africa land at the
Berlin Conference.
•However, over time relationships
were strained as individual nations
were able to gain more power based
on resources and location.
•All the great powers were competing
for colonies / territory.
•The British feared Germany in Africa.
The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia
in the Balkans.
The Rise of Nationalism
•The growth of nationalism—deep
devotion to one’s nation—caused
intense competition among the Great
Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and
France.
•The Great Powers competed for
markets and territory.
Intense nationalism in the nations of
the Balkans led to demands for
independence among Serbs,
Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.
Triple Alliance (1881)
Rising Tensions in Europe
Crisis in the Balkans
 This mountainous peninsula in
the southeastern corner of
Europe was home to an
assortment of ethnic groups.
With a long history of
nationalist uprisings and ethnic
clashes, the Balkans was known
as the “powder keg” of
Europe.
Assassination and Ultimatum
 The couple was shot by 19-
year-old Gavrilo Princip
(right), a Serbian nationalist
member of the terrorist
organization Black Hand.
Ultimatum
 Description: page of the official
response of the government of Serbia
Austrian ultimatum of July 23, 1914.
 Austria delivers an ultimatum to
Serbia with numerous demands on
July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to most
of the demands trying to avoid war.
Alliance System
The Tangled Web- Identify the
countries/personalities depicted?
The Schlieffen Plan
 Germany’s military plan
to defeat France and
Russia.
 “Knock out blow” aimed
at France first.
 Avoid French defences by
invasion of Belgium
8/3/1914.
 Germans thought Britain
would not intervene.
Why did Britain get involved?
 Britain had Ententes with
France and Russia.
 Only “friendly agreements”
but French and Russians
given impression Britain
would fight.
 The Schlieffen Plan
Sir Edward Grey
British Foreign
Secretary … “There’s
some devilry going
on in Berlin”
Battle of the Marne
 The 1st WWI Battle
 Triple Entente victory
 Stopped Germans from entering Paris
 Setting the stage for
four years of trench
warfare – Western Front
Trench Warfare
6. Warfare/Life
5. Weapons
4. Soldiers
3. Foot
2. Body Lice
1. Rats
Life in a Trench
AMERICA ACTS
EQ: How do Wilson’s 14 points attempt to establish
peace in Europe? Why was the Treaty of Versailles a
failure?
The War at Home
 War industries Board
 Encourages use of mass production to
increase efficiency
 Eliminate waste by standardizing products
 Production in the US increased by 20%
 Fuel Administration
 March 1918- Daylight savings time
 Use of longer daylight to conserve energy
 Wages and Prices Rise
 Wages through most industries
increased, though so did food and
housing costs
 Stockholders in large companies saw
enormous profits
 Boom in Labor Unions
 1916 (2.5 million) by 1919 (4 million
Financing the War: Economic
 Taxes raise revenue for the
war (35.5 billion)
 Progressive income tax
(16th amendment)
 War Profit Tax
 Public Borrowing (selling
bonds)
 Excise Taxes
 Tobacco/Liquor/Luxury
Items
Social: Committee on Public
Agency
Committee on Public
Information
 Propaganda agency:
Attack on Civil Liberties:
Anti- Immigration Hysteria
 Many immigrants from Germany and
Austria-Hungary lost their jobs
communiacation
 Orchestras refused to play music of Beethoven and
designed to influence
Mozart/ Schools stopped teaching German language
people’s thoughts and
and German authors books were removed from US
actions.
libraries
 George Creel- thousands  Violence: Many Germans were lynched and beaten if
of artists in the US are
it became known that they were from Germany.
commissioned jobs to
 ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS: 1917-18
make paintings, posters
 Fine of $10,000 and 20 years in prison for interfering
and sculptures
w/ war effort or subversive comments
promoting the war effort
 Clear violation of _____ amendment rights
 Highly successful
 Led to over 20,000 prosecutions/targeted socialists and
 A biased
labor leaders
War encourages social change
 African Americans
 A) support for the war (WEB DuBois)
 Women
 Women begin taking on jobs that
 Germans are not for “darker races”
 African American support would strengthen
calls for racial justice in the US over time
 B) Non-supporters (William Monroe Trotter)
 Victims of racism should not support the
efforts of a racist government
 The Great Migration: large scale
movement of blacks to northern cities
 Escape racial discrimination in the
south
 Jobs in the north (esp. now that
Europeans were less likely to
immigrate and were being ostracized)
 Many cotton field ruined by crop
disease




were previously held by men
Volunteer work with the Red
Cross/selling victory bonds
Women’s Peace Party (1915 Jane
Addams)
Women’s war effort helped
encourage women’s suffrage
1919- Congress passed 19th
amendment. By 1920, the
amendment is ratified by the states.
Wilson’s 14 points
 Group 1- Prevention of another war
 Focus on points 1 – 5
 Group 2- Boundary Changes
 Focus on points 6-13
 Group 3-14th point
 Focus on the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
 1. Established 9 new nations ( including : Poland,
Czechoslovakia,Yugoslavia)
 Carved out 5 territories of the Ottoman Empire
 Became temporary colonies of England and France
 Germany prohibited from maintaining an army
 Germany forced to pay $33billion dollars in war reparations over time
2. WEAKNESSES:
 A. Humiliation of Germany
 Germany could not realistically pay all of the war debt
 Russia excluded from peace talks (lost more territory than Germany)
 Ignored claims of colonized people for self-determination
3. US never joins League of Nations
Many in the US feared joining league because they thought it would
compromise US “isolationism”
Legacy of the War
 Strengthened US military power and the power of the federal
government
 Left political and social unrest in Europe
 Treaty of Versailles did not solve anything
 Desire for vengeance would bloom in Germany in the 1930s
(Hitler’s rise to power