Transcript WW1 The Beginning: Detailed Notes

2/5 THURSDAY: THOUGHT OF THE DAY
World War I is going on in Europe in 1914.
America stayed neutral until 1917.
Pick which one you agree with and write 3-5 sentences
explaining. Think about wars that we have fought in the
past and conflicts we are engaged in now…
Which of the following statements do you most agree
with?
A.
B.
C.
D.
War should be avoided at all costs.
War should be fought only to save innocent lives
War is a noble pursuit.
War should be used to gain territory and increase
power.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ijk4j-r7qPA
2/6 FRIDAY
Before we get into the
deets of WWI, we need to
review some of our
Presidents after
Reconstruction to WWI.
What quality do you think
is the most important for a
President to have? Defend
your reasoning in 3-5
sentences.
Agenda:
TOTD
2-4th Finish MWBA
questions
President research: Due
today!
Hi! I am President Cleveland.
When my best friend passed, I
became the legal guardian of his
11 year-old daughter...
Funny/weird/awkward story: 10
years later, we got married!
She remains the youngest First
Lady in the history of the United
States, having been just 21
when we got hitched!
2/8 MONDAY
TOTD:
Analyze this photograph taken
in 1914. Something will occur
moments after this photograph
that will be an immediate
cause of the 1st World War.
Tell me what you think is going
on here… (3-5 sentences)
Agenda:
TOTD
Finish Ep4: Blood Spilled & ?s
World War 1 Into (notes are
online if you want to move
forward)
Standard 15 Chit Chat: The
student will analyze the
origins and impact of U.S.
involvement in World War I
BASIC FACTS OF WW1
AKA The Great War
1914-1918
4 years, 3 months and 1 week
Started with an assassination
US declares war in 1917 (we were only in it for about 7 months)
Over 9 million soldiers are killed
21 million wounded
1 million+ soldiers were killed in the infamous Battle of the Somme
alone (about 30,000 in just 1 day)
Around 11% of the population of France was killed or wounded
About 116,000 Americans killed
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=NWF2JBB1BVM
oOn Christmas Eve, 1914, both sides
declared an unofficial truce and sang
Christmas carols to each other
o Football matches were played in noman’s land
oGerman and British soldiers
exchanged food and souvenirs.
oThe ceasefire was known as the
Christmas Truce.
o The following Christmas, patrols on
both sides had orders to shoot any
soldier who did this.
Causes of the War
-Lots of Instability in Europe
M – militarism
A – alliance system
I - imperialism
N – nationalism
Old Empires
Old Style Gov’ts - monarchs
MILITARISM
As the world entered the 20th century, an arms
race had begun.
By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in
military buildup.
Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased
their navies in this time period.
Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the
military establishment began to have a greater
influence on public policy.
 This is the development of armed forces & its use
as a tool of diplomacy
ALLIANCES
Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual
defense agreements that would pull them into battle.
So if 1 country was attacked, allied countries were
bound to defend them…
Alliances before the War:
Russia & Serbia
Germany Austria-Hungary
France & Russia
Britain & France & Belgium
Japan & Britain
IMPERIALISM
when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing
additional territories under their control.
Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of
disagreement among European countries.
This was especially true because of the raw materials these
areas could provide.
The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to
an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into
World War I.
NATIONALISM
Much of the origin of the war was based on the
desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and
Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria
Hungary but instead be part of Serbia.
 In this way, nationalism led directly to the War.
 But in a more general way, the nationalism of the
various countries throughout Europe contributed not
only to the beginning but the extension of the war in
Europe.
Each country tried to prove their dominance and
power.
Alliances
-Led to an arms race
-Triple Alliance
(Central Powers)
Germany, AustriaHungary, Italy
-Triple Entente
(aka: the Allies)
France, Britain, Russia
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia got involved to defend Serbia
 Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared
war on Russia
France was then drawn in against Germany and
Austria-Hungary.
Germany attacked France through Belgium
pulling Britain into war.
Then Japan entered the war.
Later, Italy and the United States would enter on
the side of the allies.
Archduke and his wife emerging from the Sarajevo Town Hall to board
their car, a few minutes before the assassination
Strategy
-War starts
IMMEDIATE CAUSE:
Assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand (heir to Austrian
throne)
June 1914, a Serbian nationalist
assassinated him and his wife
while they were in Sarajevo,
Bosnia which was part of
Austria-Hungary.
This was in protest to AustriaHungary having control of this
region.
-Alliances cause chain reaction to
Austria-Hungary’s attack on
Serbia after the assassination
Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and
Herzegovina. This assassination led to
Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.
When Russia began to mobilize due to its
alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war
on Russia.
ALLIANCE SYSTEM…
All of these alliances pulled one nation after another into the conflict:
Aug 1: Germany obligated by a treaty to support Austria-Hungary
declared war on Russia.
Aug 3: Germany declared war on Russia’s ally France
Germany then invaded Belgium…
So Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
So… war is on. UGH!
Confused? Watch this beginning at minute 5:50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s
Strategy
-War develops into trench warfare
(TW) after initial German advance
failed to defeat France
Picture having to spend your life in a
dark, cold, and dirty sewer system.
You can't see much through the
darkness, you're constantly wet
because of the water that's flooded
the tunnels, and you're in danger due
to dirty conditions, lack of visibility
and disease-carrying rats. Now
imagine that the tunnel is also filled
with other people who want to harm
you…
-Germany wants to defeat
Russia first if faced with two
front war
-Allies want to force fighting on
two fronts and get help from
U.S.
Trench Warfare
o B/w German and Britain sides
o method of fighting where opposing
armies fought from and defended
their territories using a system of
dug out trenches/ditches.
o opposing armies would be facing each
other and have their own system of
trenches
U.S. Neutrality
 Many US citizens followed the war closely
b/c they had ties to the nations from
which they emigrated.
 Many felt close to Britain b/c of a common -U.S. declares neutrality in the
war
ancestry/language/democratic
governments.
-develops sympathy for the
 Germans attacked Belgium and this
Allied cause- to ensure
increased our sympathy for the allies.
payment repayment of debts to
 They attacked civilians, destroyed
US and to prevent Germans
villages and churches and propaganda
from threatening US shipping
called them “the Bully of Europe”
***** We had ECONOMIC ties with
the allies more than the Central
Powers
 American trade w/ Britain and
France was more than double its
trade with Germany.
 American manufacturers were
flooded w/ orders for war
supplies: dynamite, cannon powder,
submarines, copper wire, armored
cars, etc.
-Begins to export war materials
-Submarine warfare beginsGermans were really GOOD at this
-Wilson wins 1916 election on
slogan “He kept us out of war!”
-isolationist policy!
Stalemate
-Trench warfare
Over the Top: having to leave the
safety of the trenches and attacking
the enemy
No Man’s Land: in b/w each system
of trenches would be an open piece of
land
o neither side could safely occupy the
area, it was too well covered by
snipers, artillery, enemy infantry,
barbed wire, mines
o therefore no man could survive there.
-New Type of War
new technology/ submarines/airplanes
horrible weapons LIKE poison
gas/mustard gas: Germans used it 1st,
cleared large sections of soldiers from
the front lines/Cholorine gas burns the
throats of its victims and causes death
by asphyxiation.
Step-by-Step:
1. Britain (B) began to grow its Navy
2. B blocked the German (G) coast to prevent
weapons and other supplies from getting
through
3. American (A) ships carrying goods for G
refused to challenge the blockade and rarely
reached their destination
4. A had been angry at the B’s blockade b/c it
threatened the freedom of the seas and
prevented A goods from reaching G ports
5. G responded to the B blockade with a
counter-blockade by U-boats
6. Any B or Allied ships around B’s waters
would be sunk.
7. Lusitania sunk
8. 1916 election Wilson wins
9. Germany ignored Wilson’s calls for peace
10. G announces that they will sink ALL ships in
British waters (hostile or neutral)
11. Zimmerman Note
12. Sinking of 4 unarmed American merchant
ships (36 lives lost)
13. 1917: WE DECLARE WAR
U.S. Enters War
-U.S. continues to export war
materials: we shipped millions
of $$ of war supplies to allies
-German u-boats sink any ships
they find
Lusitania sinks, 1915: G
torpedoes a B passenger ship
believed to be smuggling arms
o 1,198 died/128 wereAmerican
o This increased pressure on
President Wilson to enter the
war.
Sussex Pledge: promise made in
1916 by G to the US. Early in 1915,
they will give adequate warning before
sinking merchant and passenger ships &
provide for the safety of passengers
and crew… (resumed in 1917
w/unrestricted warfare resumed)
WE ALMOST DIDN’T ENTER THE WAR
On April 6, 1917, 2 days after the U.S. Senate
votes 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany,
the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the
decision by a vote of 373 to 50, and the United
States formally enters the First World War.
-Wilson wins 1916 election
calls for peace
BUT…..
-Zimmerman Note
Attempt to get Mexico involved
in war vs. U.S.
•
Telegram from G foreign minister
to the G ambassador in Mexico.
•
It was intercepted by British
agents…
•
It proposed an alliance b/w M and
G and promised that if war with
the US broke out, G would
support M in getting “lost
territory” in Texas, Mexico and
Arizona!!!!!
•
Mexico laughed…
THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE NATIONS WERE
a.France, Russia, and Great Britain.
b.Great Britain, France, and the United States.
c.Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
d.Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS AN IMMEDIATE
CAUSE OF WORLD WAR I?
A) Imperialism of Great Britain
B) Economic competition between Germany and Great Britain
C) Assassination of the Austrian heir
D) Secret alliance between Russia and Serbia
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE NEW TYPES OF
TECHNOLOGY USED DURING WORLD WAR I?
a)
submarines
b)
airplanes
c)
Mustard gas
d)
All of the above