Transcript World War I
World War I 1. Identify the reasons for outbreak of World War I. M – Militarism A – Alliances I – Imperialism N – Nationalism World War I 2. Identify the Allied and Central Powers during WWI. Allied: France, Great Britain, Russia Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) World War I 3. Explain the effect that alliances had on the outbreak of WWI and identify the event that started the War. Many times in Europe larger nations would overpower weaker nations which created the desire to increase military strength in many nations. In addition the nations would align themselves with other nations to help each other out in case of trouble with other nations. This led to a very unstable situation where any event could lead everyone into a war. That incident happened in June of 1914 when Franz Ferdinand the heir to the throne of AustriaHungary was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip from Serbia. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Germany aligned with Austria-Hungary entered on their behalf and Russia aligned with Serbia joined the fight and the Great War was on. World War I World War I 4. Describe why WWI was considered to be a new kind of war. This war brought a new kind of warfare because of all of the new types of technologies that had never been used before. For example machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, and submarines were used in the fighting between the two sides. World War I Number 4 Cont. One of the biggest methods used in this war was trench warfare where each side dug large long trenches along their lines. This created a stalemate which led to a very long and difficult war. World War I 5. Explain why the United States took so long to get involved with the war and identify some of the reasons we eventually did enter the war. The people and government of the United States did not want to get involved in this war claiming that this was their problem and we had no business getting involved with “their fight”. The problem was we were torn because most Americans had relatives involved in one way or another because, after all most Americans were from Europe. The U.S. favored the allied nations aided them financially. After continuous attacks by German Submarines on “civilian ships” many Americans began to demand that we get involved on the side of the Allies. The Zimmerman Note sent by Germany to Mexico encouraging them to enter the war and then gain back area they had lost to us after the war also increased the feeling against the Central Powers. World War I 6. What changes took place in these countries following WWI? Austria Hungary – Split apart into separate national states: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire – Lost Arab possessions in the Middle East, which were made into French and British Colonies Germany – Lost territory along its border to France and Poland and forced to give up all overseas colonies, lost its Navy and its Army was reduced to a small force, forced to accept blame for the war and pay huge reparations (payments) to Great Britain and France. Became a democracy called the Weimar Republic. Russia – Bolshevik revolution led by Vladimir Lenin over threw the Tsar in the Russian Revolution in 1917. Withdrew from the war and created a communist dictatorship known as the Soviet Union. Gave up control of Poland and the Baltic States which became new nations. World War I 7. President Wilson had 14 Points that he felt would help avoid another war like this. 9 dealt with: Self determination, the ability of people and nations to govern themselves. 4 dealt with: The causes of the war: secret diplomacy, the arms race, violations of freedom of the seas and trade barriers. And the last point was his call for a: League of Nations: this would be used to help settle disputes between nations rather than go to war. World War I 8. The peace agreement for World War I was the Treaty of Versailles. It was signed on June 28 , 1919. It severely punished Germany in these 3 ways: 1. Germany gave up territory along its borders to France (Rhineland) and Poland, and all overseas colonies. 2. Lost it’s Navy and reduced its Army and Germany was forced to disarm to very low levels of ammunition. 3. Take blame for the war and forced to pay huge amounts of money (Reparations) as a penalty to Great Britain and France. World War I 9. Why did the U.S. Senate not support this Treaty and what was the major concern of the reservationists? The leaders of the opposition did not like the idea of a league of nations. They felt that this would lead the United States into supporting its allies in conflicts that they may become involved with. This treaty was never ratified by the U.S. Congress.