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• • • • • WHO: Many countries in Europe WHAT: A war WHERE: Europe WHEN: 1914-1918 WHY: Countries in Europe were feeling nervous other countries would attack them, so they formed alliances for protection. Once one attack occurred, the war began • An agreement between nations to defend one another • If one country is attacked, the other members of the alliance promise to help them. For example: France and Italy have an alliance. If France is attacked, Italy will _____________! • Austria-Hungary controlled land in Serbia • Serbia thought they owned the land • A Serbian man killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria-Hungary (who was to be king of Austria-Hungary) • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • • • • • Allied Powers Serbia Russia France Belgium Great Britain Central Powers • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Woodrow Wilson (President of the U.S.) decided isolationism was the best option (we were not going to get involved) • Germany attacked and sunk the British ship the Lusitania (The U.S. did not agree with this) • Germany sent a telegram to Mexico asking them to join the Central Powers-in return, Germany would help Mexico get back land from the U.S. • Germany sank 3 U.S. ships • The United States joined WWI (as an Allied Power), declaring war against the Central Powers • Allied Powers • • • • • • Serbia Russia France Belgium Great Britain United States • Central Powers • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Some six weeks after the United States formally entered the First World War, the U.S Congress passes the Selective Service Act on May 18, 1917, giving the U.S. president the power to draft soldiers. • Initially Wilson only had about 100,000 men volunteer for the war. • To remedy this situation, Wilson pushed the government to adopt military conscription, which he argued was the most democratic form of enlistment. To that end, Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which Wilson signed into law on May 18, 1917. The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months, some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the military draft. • By the end of World War I in November 1918, some 24 million men had registered under the Selective Service Act. Of the almost 4.8 million Americans who eventually served in the war, some 2.8 million had been drafted. • A Liberty Bond was a war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of patriotic duty in the United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time. The Act of Congress which authorized the Liberty Bonds is still used today as the authority under which all U.S. Treasury bonds are issued. • Bonds were issued at 30 years at 3.5% interest, redeemable after 15 years. It raised $2 Billion with 5.5 million people purchasing bonds. • During WW1 farmers were producing goods which they then exported to European countries who were struggling. They became used to producing large amounts of produce and making high profits. However, when WW1 ended, there was no longer such a large demand for agricultural goods in Europe. The farmers now had a large surplus stock which they were unable to sell abroad. This was partly the fault of the American govt. Having raised taxes on imported goods to prevent Americans buying foreign produce, other countries retaliated by doing the same which left farmers struggling to sell produce within the USA. The end of the war meant that the agricultural industry was declining, and people were unable to make enough money to pay their rent or mortgage. This led to poverty amongst farmers, and therefore they did not participate in the Boom of the 1920s. • Trench WarfareSoldiers on each side dug a system of trenches that faced each other. Barbed wire fences protected the front of each trench. No-man’s land was the land between the trenches the no one controlled. The soldiers ate and slept in the trenches which were often filled with rats and water • • • • • • Poisonous Gas Gas masks (to protect from poisonous gas) Airplanes (used to drop bombs) Machine Gun Tanks Radio became essential for communications. The most important advance in radio was the transmission of voice rather than code. Cause: Men were fighting, so there were less people to produce food Effect: War Gardens were created Cause: Men were fighting, so there were less people to work in factories Effect: Women worked in factories Cause: Men were needed to fight in the war Effect: Propaganda posters were used to encourage men to enlist • With help from the U.S., the Allied Powers are able to defeat the Central Powers. • The Central Powers surrender on November 11, 1918 • The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI • Germany was forced to pay heavy fines for their actions (US did not agree with this. • The League of Nations was created Goal: to prevent future wars • US did not agree with joining the League of nations for fear it would force involvement in future wars. • They wanted to return to isolationism • http://safeshare.tv/w/EpeehzJkvl • http://safeshare.tv/w/BKHUnnMNHP Product Created By: Thank you for your purchase! 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