Transcript world_war_1aftermath

World War 1
The Aftermath
Blockade
► Allies
maintained blockade of Germany after
the war
► Food shipments were allowed in but they
came slowly
► Blockade was not lifted until the treaty was
signed
Treaty of Versailles
► Paris
Peace Conference of 1919
► 440 articles in treaty
► Germany had to accept full responsibility for
starting the war
► Germany had to pay heavy economic
reparations
► Treaty included a clause to create a League
of Nations
Woodrow Wilson and Peace
Commission
Influenza Pandemic
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Flu epidemic began in US
and was spread to Europe
by armed forces personnel
From US and Europe, it
spread around the Globe
20 to 40 million deaths
Stanley Cup Final in 1919
was cancelled due to the
death of star defenseman
Joe Hall of the Montreal
Canadians
Geopolitical and Economic
Consequences
► Russia
► Germany
► Austria-Hungary
► Ottoman
Empire
► United Kingdom
► United States
► France
► Italy
Russia
► Revolution
and Civil War killed 15 million
people
► Communist Government signed the Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to end their
involvement in the war
► Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
gained Independence
► Lost Bessarabia to Romania
Russia
► Independent
states of Georgia, Armenia and
Azerbaijan were established
► Taken back by the Soviets in 1922
Austria-Hungary
► As
the war began to turn, peoples of these
states began to lose interest
► Empire began to break up and there were
several Declarations of Independence
► Austria and Hungary become separate
states
► Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia, Slovakia
and Carpathian Ruthenia formed the new
Czechoslovakia.
Austria Hungary
► Galicia
was transferred to Poland.
► The South Tyrol and Trieste were granted to
Italy.
► Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia-Slavonia,
Dalmatia, Slovenia, and Vojvodina were
joined with Serbia and Montenegro to form
the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, later Yugoslavia.
► Transylvania became part of Romania.
Ottoman Empire
► Ottoman
Government collapsed at war’s end
► Treaty of Sevres divided the empire up
among the Entente powers
► France was given mandates over Syria and
Lebanon
► Britain was given mandates over Iraq and
Palestine
► Italy and Greece were given parts of
Anatolia
United Kingdom
► War
had been costly for Britain but some of
the costs had been offset by new
investments
► Many of Britain’s “colonies” developed a
stronger sense of independence and their
own identity after the war leading to a
breakdown of the Old British Empire
United States
► Became
“isolationist” after the war
► Experienced a period of economic
depression after the war
► Depression was followed by a boom until
the stock market crash of 1929
► During the boom years, ties were made with
German business
► This became an embarrassment when the
Nazi party came to power in Germany
France
► Alsace
Lorraine region was returned
► France sought reparations from Germany
after the war and this led to the occupation
of the Ruhr in 1923
► Dawes Plan 1923 – Young plan 1929
► Pro-Independence groups began forming in
colonies
France
► Ferdinand
Foch wanted
the Rhine river to be
the border between
France and Germany
► "This
is not Peace. It is
an Armistice for twenty
years."
Italy
► With
the disintegration of Austria Hungary,
Italy’s main rival was reduced to a collection
of smaller states
► Italy claimed a number of smaller territories
in the treaty and expanded their borders
Europe and Middle East in 1914
Europe and the Middle east in 1919
Other Effects
► Social
Trauma
► Remains of Ammunition
► War Memorials
► Tomb of the Unknown Soldier