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Vocabulary • Vocabulary is all the words used or understood by a person. • By the time you are 18, you know about 60,000 words. • During college you learn an additional 20,000 words. • Each subject has its own set of words. • You can learn new words through: – Context Clues – Word Parts – Visuals Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Context Clues • A context clue is the information that surrounds a new word. It is used to understand its meaning. • The four types of context clues are: – – – – Synonyms Antonyms General context Examples Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Synonyms • A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning. • Synonym signal words are: or, that is • Example: The dentist gave me laughing gas to alleviate (or ease) the pain of taking out my wisdom teeth. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Antonyms • An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. • Antonym signal words are: but, not, unlike, in contrast, yet, however. • Example: During dinner, Anne let out a loud burp that mortified her mother, but amused her friends. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers General Context • Sometimes a definition is provided. • Sometimes a description is provided. • Sometimes logic and reasoning skills are needed. • Example: To insure safety, written and road tests should be mandatory for everyone who seeks a driver’s license for the first time; no exceptions should be allowed. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Another Example: • Jamie speculated about how much weight he wanted to gain during the three-month bodybuilding program he was beginning for the first time. – – – – Knew Wondered Worried Celebrated Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Examples • An example is provided of the word. • Example signal words indicate that an example is coming: for instance, such as, consists of, including • Example: Some authors use pseudonyms; for example, famous American author Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Word Parts • Roots: the basic or main part of a word. • Prefixes: a group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to make a word. • Suffixes: a group of letters added to the end of a root word to make a word. • Example: in-vis-ible Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers TEXTBOOKS • USING A GLOSSARY (alphabetical listing of specialized words) – Back of the book – Within the chapters – In the margins, in boxes • Use before and after reading, by scanning the text for words in bold or italics, and checking their meanings in the glossary. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers TEXTBOOKS Visual Vocabulary • A graph, chart, cartoon, or photograph gives a visual image of a word. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers