Transcript CHAPTER 15
1865-1877 CHAPTER 15 IN THE WAKE OF WAR: CONSOLIDATING A TRIUMPHANT UNION CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers “The Black Hills belong to me. If the whites try to take them, I will fight.” Sitting Bull ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1865 TIMELINE Freedman’s Bureau Andrew Johnson, President Thirteenth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment passed Sherman promises 40 acres and a mule 1866 Ku Klux Klan formed The Mineral Act The Southern Homestead Act The Equal Rights Association The National Labor Union founded 1867 Reconstruction Act passed by Congress ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers TIMELINE continued 1868 Ulysses S. Grant elected President Custer’s massacre at Washita River Burlingame Treaty 1869 Fifteenth Amendment passed 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act passed by Congress Whitman’s “Democratic Vistas” 1872 The Apex Mining Act Yellowstone Park created ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers TIMELINE continued 1873 The Timbur Culture Act Nationwide Depression 1875 Civil Rights Act 1876 Presidential Election (Tilden-Hayes) 1877 Desert Land Act 1878 Greenback Labor Party formed ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers IN THE WAKE OF WAR Overview The Struggle over the South Claiming Territory for the Union The Republican Vision and Its Limits ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE STRUGGLE OVER THE SOUTH Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies Presidential Reconstruction, 1865– 1867 The Southern Postwar Labor Problem Building Free Communities Congressional, or “Radical,” Reconstruction ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies Rehearsals for Restoration The Sea Islands of Port Royal Sound, South Carolina New Orleans, southern Louisiana Pledges and Oaths The Ten Percent Plan: New government for states for 10% pledge of allegiance The Wade-Davis Bill: Requires majority to take loyalty vote The Freedmen’s Bureau ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Presidential Reconstruction, 1865–1867 Andrew Johnson’s proclamations Report on the Condition of the South Black codes State laws with vague provisions used to imprison blacks or enforce labor ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Presidential Reconstruction Continued The Thirteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment Carpetbaggers and scalawags Ku Klux Klan November, 1866: Republicans gain majority in both houses ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Southern Postwar Labor Problem The Freedman’s Bureau Liaison between freed people and southern whites Free labor system with annual contracts General Sherman’s Field Order Number 15 Forty acres and a mule Sharecroppers ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Building Free Communities The new order Public accommodation laws Black conventions The ability to vote, own land, and educate children Self-help organizations and black churches Valued family ties ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Radical Reconstruction ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Congressional, or “Radical” Reconstruction Reconstruction Act of 1867, Tenure of Office Act, Command of the Army Act Denied vote to thousands of former confederates Confederate states must ratify 14th amendment to be in Union Guaranteed black men the vote ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Reconstruction continued Union Leagues and black elected officials Johnson impeachment: 1868 Grant elected in November, 1868 The Fifteenth Amendment ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers CLAIMING TERRITORY FOR THE UNION Federal Military Campaigns Against Plains Indians The Postwar Western Labor Problem Land Use in an Expanding Nation Buying Territory for the Union ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Federal Military Campaigns Against Plains Indians 1871: Federal government seeks to subdue Native Americans Railroad expansion The Native American struggle Geronimo Custer’s massacre at Washita river Red Cloud’s peace delegations Sitting Bull: “The Black Hills belong to me.” The Little Big Horn ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers High Plains Indian Wars, 1865–1900 ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Postwar Western Labor Problem 1865: Central Pacific goes east Central Pacific imports Chinese laborers 1867: 5000 Chinese laborers strike 1870: 40,000 Chinese in California and less 70,000 Indians Agribusiness’ growth in the West ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Land Use in an Expanding Nation The Santa Fe Ring Railroads, minerals, and cattle The Apex Mining Act of 1872 The National Parks system John Muir and Jay Cooke ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Buying Territory for the Union America expanding The Alaska purchase $7.2 million for 591,004 acres full of fish, timber, minerals, and water power The failed annexation of the Dominican Republic ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE REPUBLICAN VISION AND ITS LIMITS Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement Worker’s Organizations Political Corruption and the Demise of Republican Idealism ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement 1866: Equal Rights Association 1869: National Woman Suffrage Association Stanton, Anthony, Stone and Truth 1872: Victoria Woodhull forms Equal Rights Party and runs for President ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Worker’s Organizations 1867: National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry 1866: National Labor Union 1868: Colored National Labor Union 1869: Knights of Labor 1878: Greenback Labor Party ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Political Corruption and the Demise of Republican Idealism 1870’s: Tweed and Tammany Hall 1872: Crédit Mobilier and Congress 1875: Whiskey Ring 1876: The Hayes-Tilden compromise ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican Popular Vote: 4,036,572 Electoral Vote: 185 Samuel J. Tilden, Democrat Popular Vote: 4,284,020 Electoral Vote: 184 ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Compromise of 1877 ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers