Transcript The Effective Reader by D. J. Henry

Chapter
2
Vocabulary Skills
The Master Reader
Updated Edition
by D. J. Henry
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as
Longman Publishers
Vocabulary
• Vocabulary is all the words used or
understood by a person.
• By the time you are 18, you know about
60,000 words.
• During college you learn an additional 20,000
words.
• Each subject has its own set of words.
• You can learn new words through:
– Context Clues
– Word Parts
– Visuals
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Context Clues
• A context clue is the information that
surrounds a new word. It is used to
understand its meaning.
• The four types of context clues are:
–
–
–
–
Synonyms
Antonyms
General context
Examples
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Synonyms
• A synonym is a word that has the
same or nearly the same meaning.
• Synonym signal words are: or, that is
• Example: The dentist gave me
laughing gas to alleviate (or ease) the
pain of taking out my wisdom teeth.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Antonyms
• An antonym is a word that has the
opposite meaning of another word.
• Antonym signal words are: but, not,
unlike, in contrast, yet, however.
• Example: During dinner, Anne let out a
loud burp that mortified her mother, but
amused her friends.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
General Context
• Sometimes a definition is provided.
• Sometimes a description is
provided.
• Sometimes logic and reasoning
skills are needed.
• Example: To insure safety, written and road tests
should be mandatory for everyone who seeks a
driver’s license for the first time; no exceptions should
be allowed.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Another Example:
• Jamie speculated about how much weight
he wanted to gain during the three-month
bodybuilding program he was beginning for
the first time.
–
–
–
–
Knew
Wondered
Worried
Celebrated
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Examples
• An example is provided of the word.
• Example signal words indicate that an
example is coming: for instance, such
as, consists of, including
• Example: Some authors use pseudonyms; for example,
famous American author Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel
Clemens.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Word Parts
• Roots: the basic or main part of a word.
• Prefixes: a group of letters added to the
beginning of a root word to make a
word.
• Suffixes: a group of letters added to the
end of a root word to make a word.
• Example: in-vis-ible
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TEXTBOOKS
• USING A GLOSSARY
(alphabetical listing of
specialized words)
– Back of the book
– Within the chapters
– In the margins, in boxes
• Use before and after reading,
by scanning the text for words
in bold or italics, and checking
their meanings in the glossary.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
TEXTBOOKS
Visual Vocabulary
• A graph, chart, cartoon, or
photograph gives a visual
image of a word.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Complete the Practices in your book for
an in-depth explanation of roots,
suffixes, and prefixes and how they can
help you understand words.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Practice
Complete the Applications,
Review Tests, and Mastery
Tests for Chapter 2
in your book.
* Remember to complete your scorecard for
the Review Tests in this chapter. And visit the
Companion Web site at
www.ablongman.com/henry
for more practice.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers