Transcript The Effective Reader by D. J. Henry

The Effective Reader
(Updated Edition)
by D. J. Henry
Chapter 2: Vocabulary Skills
PowerPoint Presentation
by Gretchen Starks-Martin
St. Cloud State University, MN
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Vocabulary is all the words used
or understood by a person.
By the time you are 18, you know about 60,000
words.
During college you learn an additional 20,000 words.
Each subject has its own set of words.
You can learn new words through:
Context Clues
Word Parts
Visuals
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Context Clues: The SAGE Approach
A context clue is the information that
surrounds a new word, used to
understand its meaning.
The four types of context clues are:
Synonyms
Antonyms
General sense of the passage
Examples
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Synonyms
A synonym is a word that has the same
or nearly the same meaning as another
word.
Synonym signal words are: or, that is
Example: The dentist gave me laughing
gas to alleviate (or ease) the
pain of taking out my
wisdom teeth.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Antonyms
An antonym is a word that has the
opposite meaning of another word.
Antonym signal words are: but, not,
unlike, in contrast, yet, however.
Example: During dinner, Anne let out a
loud burp that mortified
her mother, but amused her
friends.
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General Context
Sometimes a definition is provided.
Sometimes a description is provided.
Sometimes logic and reasoning skills
are needed.
Example: To insure safety, written and road tests should
be mandatory for everyone who seeks a driver’s
license for the first time; no exceptions should be
allowed.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Jamie speculated about how much weight he
wanted to gain during the three-month
bodybuilding program he was beginning for
the first time. “Speculated” means:
Knew
Wondered
Worried
Celebrated
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Examples
An example is provided of the word.
Example signal words indicate that an
example is coming: for instance, such
as, consists of, including
Example:
Some authors use pseudonyms; for example,
famous American author Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel
Clemens.
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Textbook Skills: Using a Glossary
A glossary is a list of selected terms
with their definitions as used in a
specific area of study.
Skim the chapter before reading and
look for specialized terms.
Use the glossary to make vocabulary
lists.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Word Parts
Root: the basic or main part of a word.
Prefix: A group of letters added to the
beginning of a root word to make a
word.
Suffix: A group of letters added to the
end of a root word to make a word.
Example: in-vis-ible
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Complete the Practices in your
book for an in depth explanation
of roots, suffixes, and prefixes
and how they can help you
understand words.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Visual Vocabulary
A graph, chart, cartoon, or photograph
gives a visual image of a word.
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Chapter Review
There are four types of context clues
(SAGE):
Synonyms
Antonyms
General context
Examples
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Chapter Review
Antonyms help you see the shade of a word’s
meaning by showing you what the original
word is not.
The root is the basic or main part of a word.
The prefix is a group of letters with a specific
meaning added to the beginning of a word
(root) to make a word.
The suffix is a group of letters with a specific
meaning added to the end of a word (root) to
make a new word.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers
Practice
Complete the Applications,
Review Tests, and Mastery
Tests for Chapter 2 in your
book.
* Remember to complete your scorecard
for the Review Tests in this chapter.
©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers