Transcript Ch2- Vocabulary

Chapter 2:
Vocabulary
Bridging the Gap, 9/e
Brenda Smith
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:
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How do you remember new words?
What are context clues?
Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?
What will you find in a dictionary?
What is a glossary?
What is a thesaurus?
What are analogies?
What are acronyms?
How are transitional words used?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Use Mnemonic Devices
• Example: To remember that
suppression means “to force out bad
thoughts,” visualize SUPerman PRESSing
evil thoughts away. Or remember the
Superman movies.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
MVEMJSUNP
ROY G. BIV
Every Good Boy Does Fine
In fourteen hundred and
ninety-two Columbus
sailed the Ocean Blue.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Associate Words in Phrases
• Associate Words with Rhymes
or Sounds
• Associate Words with Images
• Associate Words in Families
• Seek Reinforcement
• Create Concept Cards
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Context Clues
• Definition or Synonym
• Elaborating Details
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Examples
Comparison
Contrast
Antonyms
Pgs. 61-73
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Definition/Synonym
• A word is directly defined.
• Words with the same or similar
meaning.
Clues
-________, ________,
:
Ms. Koledoye, my teacher, talks too
much!
Pg. 61
Elaborating Details
Descriptive details
that illustrate the
meaning.
(explanation)
Pg. 62
Examples
Examples that are
given to clarify the
meaning.
Pg. 62
Comparison & Contrast
Comparison-The meaning of a word
is compared to something else to
show the similarity.
Contrast- The meaning of a word is
compared to something else to
show the difference between the
two.
Pg. 63
Antonyms
• A word that means the opposite of
the unknown word.
Clues
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But
Or
Yet
In contrast
On the other hand
Pg. 64
Tentative?
• We have tentative plans to go on
vacation in March, but we will not
know for sure if we can go at that
time until we check with our
managers at work.
• A. Go on vacation
• B. Will not know for sure
• C. Our managers at work
To tabulate means to After eight months of research in the
field, Orson returned to working in his
office, where he could go over his field
notes, tabulate his data, and see what
conclusions he could draw from his
research.
A. Organize information in a systematic
way
B. Discard or throw away
C. Make difficult for others to
understand
Synthetic means Clothing made of synthetic fibers has
both advantages and disadvantages
compared to clothing made of
natural fibers. On one hand, natural
fibers generally feel more
comfortable next to the skin, but on
the other hand, synthetic fibers
usually require less upkeep.
A. Created from materials taken from plants
or animals
B. Created from human-made materials
C. Created from flimsy or fragile materials
Practice
Pg. 65
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Understanding the Structure of Words
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Prefixes- before a word
Suffixes-after a word
Roots- base of a word
Word Families- words that look alike
& have similar meanings
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis
Pg. 72
With a partner, write down as many
words as you can think of with the
following word parts.
Look at each word group, do the
words in that group have any
similar meanings?
Using a Dictionary
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Guide Words.
Pronunciation.
Part of Speech.
Spellings.
Origin.
Multiple Meanings.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Word Origins - Etymology
• Bribe means - Favor or money
given for influence
• Origin - French bread given to a
beggar
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Glossary/ Thesaurus
Glossary- A list of words and
their definitions found at the
end of a book or chapter.
Thesaurus- A book of words and
their synonyms.
Pg. 81
Using Analogies
• Analogies are comparisons that
call upon your word knowledge
and your ability to see
relationships.
• You can use these relationships to
figure out a word.
• Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR
Fork is to eat as television is to entertain.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Categories of Analogy Relationships
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Synonyms
Antonyms
Function, use, or purpose
Classification
Characteristics and descriptions
Degree
Part to whole
Cause and effect
Pg. 83
Analogies (Synonyms)
Synonyms: similar in meaning
Example: Find is to locate as
hope is to wish.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Antonyms)
Antonyms: Opposite in meaning
Example: Accept is to reject as
rude is to polite.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Function)
Function, use, or purpose:
Identifies what something does,
watch for the object (noun) and
then the action (verb).
Example: Pool is to swim as
blanket is to warm.
Practice Pg. 83
Easily Confused Words
• Homonyms: Words with different
meanings that are spelled and
sound alike.
Ex. bear the burden and bear the
animal
– You’re, your
– Stationary, stationery
– There, their, they’re
P. 85
Recognizing Acronyms
• An acronym is an abbreviation
that is pronounced as a word.
• What do these acronyms mean?
– ATV
– SCUBA
– MRI
– UNICEF
Pg. 86
Recognizing Transitional Words
Transitional words connect ideas
and signal the direction of a
writer’s thought.
• “In addition”– signals a
continuation
• “But” or “However” – signals a
change
Pg. 87
Reader’s Tip:
Types of Transitional Words
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Addition
Example
Time Sequence
Comparison
Contrast
Cause and Effect
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points
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How do you remember new words?
What are context clues?
Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?
What will you find in a dictionary?
What is a glossary?
What is a thesaurus?
What are analogies?
What are acronyms?
How are transitional words used?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Vocabulary Booster
• Complete the
Vocabulary Booster
“Over, Under, Around,
and Through.”
Pgs. 89-92
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers