Transcript Example

Chapter 3: Vocabulary
Breaking Through, 7/e
Brenda Smith
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
1 MILLION
WORDS IN
THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE!
Some Vocabulary Facts
 We use about 20% of the words we know.
 In high school you recognized about 50,000
words and used only 10,000 of them.
 In college you recognize around 70,000 words
and use about 15,000 of them.
 You will learn about 20,000 new words in
college, many from specific disciplines.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Remembering New Words
Association
Concept cards
Dictionary
Practice!
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Strategies for Expanding
Vocabulary
 Use context clues.
 Use knowledge of word parts.
 Use the glossary of your textbook.
 Use the dictionary.
 Using a thesaurus.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Types of Context Clues
 Definition clues
 Elaborating details
 Elaborating examples
 Comparison
 Contrast
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Definition
 Example:
The explorers landed in an alien
environment, a place both foreign and
strange to their beloved homeland.
 Explanation:
Alien means strange or foreign.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Elaborating Details
 Example:
The natives were hostile when the settlers
approached their village. They lined up across
the road and drew their weapons. The settlers
were afraid to go farther.
 Explanation:
As described in these sentences, hostile
means unfriendly.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Elaborating Examples
 Example:
The bird’s appetite is voracious. In one
day he ate enough worms to equal three
times his body weight.
 Explanation:
Voracious means extremely hungry or
greedy.
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Comparison
 Example:
The smell of the flower was as
compelling as a magnet’s pull on a paper
clip.
 Explanation:
Since a magnet will pull a paper clip to it,
the comparison suggests that the smell
of the flower had an attraction.
Compelling means attracting.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Contrast
 Example:
In America, she is an eminent journalist,
even though she is virtually unknown in
England.
 Explanation:
Even though are signal words indicating the
opposite. Thus eminent means the opposite
of unknown; it means well-known or
famous.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Multiple Meanings of a Word
 Sally cannot bear to be in the house alone
at night. The bear approaches our
campsite.
 Mr. Robinson served on the board of
directors for the school. Put the extra board
in the truck.
 The owners suspected a dead animal was
the cause of the foul odor. The batter hit a
foul ball with three runners on base.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Word Parts
Roots
Prefixes
Suffixes
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Using the
Dictionary
 Guide words
 Pronunciation
 Spelling
 Word meaning
 Parts of speech
 Word origins
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Categories of Relationships
for Analogies
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Synonyms
Antonyms
Function, use or purpose
Classification
Characteristics and descriptions
Degree or variation of intensity
Part to whole
Cause and Effect
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Analogies
 Example:
Apple is to fruit as potato is to _______.
 Explanation:
Since an apple is a member of the fruit
group, the relationship is one part to a
larger whole. Solve the analogy by
establishing a similar relationship for
potato. A potato is a vegetable just as an
apple is a fruit.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Learning New Vocabulary
Use the Internet.
Subscribe to a mailing mist.
Participate in a newsgroup.
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Summary Questions
 How many words does the average college
student recognize?
 How do context clues assist in unlocking
word meaning?
 What should you include on a concept
card?
 How can you recognize new words by
linking parts of old words?
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Summary Questions
 How should you use a dictionary while
reading?
 Why use a glossary?
 Why would you need a thesaurus?
 What is the key to solving an analogy?
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Visit the Companion Website
http://www.ablongman.com/smith
© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.