Transcript Chapter 27, Section 1 PPT

Chapter 27, Section 1:
The Gathering Storm
Main Idea: In the 1930s,
as dictators elsewhere
embarked on a path of
aggression, the United
States tried to stay out of
the conflict.
A. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
• Vladimir Lenin set up a communist
government in the Soviet Union
(formerly Russia) back in 1917,
during WWI (Bolshevik Revolution).
• After his death in 1924, Joseph
Stalin took over & ruled as a
dictator. In his version of
communism, the Party controlled
the government & every aspect of
people’s lives.
– Citizens were to obey the government without
question. Those who didn’t were punished.
– Peasant farmers were ordered to turn their land
& animals over to government-run farms.
– Millions who resisted were executed or sent to
labor camps in Siberia for “re-education.”
– Stalin’s political foes were “tried” & executed.
Many confessed to false charges under torture.
B. Fascist Italy
• Fascism is rooted in militarism, extreme
nationalism, & blind loyalty to the government.
Mussolini
• Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) took over in 1922.
– He played on Italians’ anger about feeling cheated
out of land in the Treaty of Versailles, by promising
to return Italy to its past glory (the Roman Empire).
– Once in power, he banned all other political parties,
controlled the press & schools, & punished critics.
Conquering Ethiopia
• He invaded the African nation of Ethiopia in
1935 (this was like Goliath vs. David).
– Horses & muskets vs. tanks, planes & machine guns.
• Ethiopian leader Haile Selasse received no help
from the League of Nations. Britain & France
were too busy dealing with the Depression, &
didn’t want another war, so they turned a blind
eye to the situation. (*appeasement*)
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Emperor
Haile
Selassie
C. Nazi Germany
• Adolf Hitler led the Nazi Party to power
in Germany. He used German
resentment of the Versailles Treaty
(blamed Germany & made them pay heavily) &
the Great Depression to win support.
Hitler Becomes Dictator
• He emphasized anti-Semitism, claiming
the Jews & other traitors “stabbed
Germany in the back,” & used them as
a scapegoat for Germany’s problems.
• His public speaking skills convinced
most Germans that he was the right man
to lead them out of the Depression.
• The Nazi Party won a majority of seats
in Germany’s government in 1933 &
named Hitler chancellor of Germany.
Within two years, he was a dictator who
controlled the press, schools & religion.
• Nazi rallies, such as the one in
Nuremburg in 1934, indoctrinated
Germans into Nazi culture & made
Hitler & his party more popular than
ever. (slogans like “Heil Hitler!”)
Attacks on Jews
• Hitler preached that Germans belonged to a
superior race. Nazis singled out the Jews as
the cause of Germany’s problems & started
to take away their rights.
•
•
•
•
Deprived of their citizenship.
Forbidden to use public facilities.
Kept from working in many areas.
Had to register with the gov’t. & wear the Star of
David on their clothes to publicly identify them.
• This is the beginning of what will develop
into the Holocaust, where Jews & others will
eventually be rounded up & sent to
concentration camps to be exterminated.
The Nazi War Machine
• Hitler will start to reverse the damage to
Germany caused by the Versailles Treaty
(WWI) by building up his armed forces.
• The League of Nations will condemn his actions,
but not actually do anything about it.
• Hitler: “They will never act. They’ll just protest.
And they will always be too late.”
• He will then move troops into the Rhineland,
which borders France & was supposed to be
demilitarized. Again, no action is taken.
• This will establish a pattern of appeasement.
The Great Depression
The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are dissatisfied.
The Versailles Treaty
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
The “Pact of Steel”
D. Military Rule in Japan
• Japan suffered greatly
during the Depression. As
people grew impatient
with their democratic
government, Japanese
military leaders took over
• They invaded other parts
of Asia for raw materials
to industrialize.
– Manchuria (NE China) was
invaded in 1931 for coal &
iron, & was renamed
Manchukuo by Japan.
– China asked the League of
Nations for help, but it did
little except condemn
Japan’s actions.
(*appeasement*)
– The US refused to
officially recognize
Manchukuo, but it did not
take any action either.
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
E. American Isolationism
• The US was isolationist in the 1920s &
30s. We were determined to stay out of
the growing conflicts overseas.
Neutrality Acts
• Congress passed a series of laws in the
1930s, called the Neutrality Acts, hoping
to keep the U.S. out of a war.
– Banned arms sales/loans to nations at war.
– Warned Americans not to travel on ships
of countries at war (remember Lusitania).
Good Neighbor Policy
• We tried to improve relations with Latin
American nations.
– Hoover rejected the Roosevelt Corollary in
1930, no longer intervening in their affairs.
– FDR withdrew US troops from Nicaragua &
Haiti, & canceled the Platt Amendment with
Cuba, which had limited their independence.
– As Europe became more divided & hostile,
we tried to strengthen our ties within the
Western Hemisphere.