Transcript File

German in Transition
1st Period MTT
Germany 1919-1939
German in Transition
Instruction
On this presentation there are several different
sections. Ranging from the leaders of Nazi
Germany to details related to the persecution of
the Jews. each group will be given a different
section to review and you will take a few slides
on the presentation in orderto summarize the
section you were given. Some groups have
more than 1 section because some sections are
longerthan others. we will be using two sections
of the bitesize history website as ourresources
forourpresentation. THeY MUST Be COMPLeTe
BeFORe YOUrNeXT CLASS.
Aftery ou have added yoursection onto the
presentation you must write 5 questions based
off of yoursections. (only 2 can be multiple
choice, true/false, etc.)
Blue:
The Nazi’s economic and Social
Policy
Red: economic Policy and Benefits
Purple: Structure of control in the Nazi Party
Orange: Life during the war: wwII
Life during the war: Nazi Opposition
Yellow: Political Policy
Racial and Religious Policy
Nazi Leaders
Green: Life during the war: Afterthe war
Persecution
Mint:
Introduction
Germany in Transition- Introduction
Germany was first formed in 1871. Their leader was Kaiser wilhelm II. From
then on, Germany was ruled under a parliament (the Reichstag). However the
elects had limited power, this giving Kaiser and his ministers full control. Later
in 1914, Germany went to war with Britain, France, and Russia (world war 1).
By 1918, Germany came to acceptance that they were not going to to win the
war and signed an Armistice to bring the war to an end on November 11, 1918.
A few months later, elections were held to create a new government for
Germany and the new, democratic government met for the first time on
February 6, 1919.
Germany in Transition- Introduction
Germany had lost their first world war in 1914 under Kaiser Wilhelm II’s rule.
He had been leader since the country formed. Because of their loss, the
country became chaotic and violent. Finally in November of 1918, they signed
an armistice to bring this war to an end.
Nazi Leaders
The most important nazi leaders, or political figures would have to be Joseph
goebbels due to the fact that he wrote all the propaganda for the nazi regime.
Also another leader that has even more importance is Hermann Goering
because he helped take action in the night of the long knives, and he also took
part in the 4 year plan.
Nazi Leaders
The last two important political leaders on the nazi regime, would be Heinrich
Himmler, the reason being that he took a huge part in the creation of
concentration camps all around germany and the surrounding areas. Lastly
Reinhard Heydrich was responsible for the gestapo, which watch all around
germany for law breakers, and they take more horrid actions than any modern
police man
The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany
By: Emilee G., Gabriella S. & Reani P.
The structure of control in Nazi Germany are
➔Government (political)
➔Religion (social)
➔Culture (social)
➔work (working)
➔Education and youth (working)
The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany
Government: Hitler consolidated power in 1933-1934 means that the Nazis had
strong control of national and local government.
Religion: Hitler believed that religion was a huge threat to Germany, so he tried
different ways to reduce the of power of the church over people.
Culture: The imposition of Nazi values on all aspects of German life.
Work: Dr. Robert Ley boasted that he workers lives from the “cradle to the
grave”
The Structure of Control in Nazi Germany
Education and youth: The lives of the young people were controlled both in and
out of the school to turn them into fanatical Nazis.
Terror: Germany became the powerful country. Sometimes it can be unsafe
sometimes it can be safe. It was safe to say and do whatever you want critical
to the government.
Propaganda: Josef Goebbels controlled the Propaganda Ministry where he
banned books about any religion, so he replaced with Nazi books. This man
brainwashed a lot of people to believe in Hitler.
economic and Social Policy
Nazi Statistics:
*No women, jews or RAD included in the
statistics.
Four year Plan:
*Prepare for war
*Producing arms
*Ensuring that the country was selfsufficient
KDF:
*Strength through joy
*ensuring leisure opportunities for workers
*Volkswagen, holidays, and theater.
Public work schemes:
*Autobahn, hospitals, and houses.
*working with hands and creating more
work.
National LaborService:
*RAD, every man aged 18-25 must spend
six months in the labor service. (preparing
to be a soldier.)
Rearming:
*Increase the army.
*Navy building two warships (preparing for
war)
Economic and Social Policy
Measures to reduce unemployment:6 million were unemployed, they created
RAD hwhich force men who were 18-25 t complete 6 months of military training
Trade unions:they were banned and DAF was created so everybody was under
one group.wages were increased and paid poorly and they made KDF so
people would be happy and wouldn’t question.
Life for women: women basically lost all independence and men basically
Economic and Social Policy
Another way of lowering the unemployment rate is to rearm Germany. with the
rearmament of Germany, multiple jobs were created- manufacturing military
equipment and scavenging raw materials. By 1939 there were fewer than
350,000 unemployed, excluding women, jews, and men aged 18-25, from an
original amount of over 6 million unemployed. The remaining unemployed
would be prosecuted by the SS, accused of being “lazy”.
Nazi youth and teacher policies
Teacher's induced anti semitism views and messages (such as distrust of
jews).
The book burnings destroyed millions of works by jewish and anti nazi
writers.
The nazi boy and girl youth both practiced activities and jobs, all ultimately
serving the Fuhrer. Ex: house building, shooting etc.
By 1939 the nazi youth contained over 8 million members.
economic Policy and Benefits
The economic policy had four main ideas. They wanted everyone in Germany to
have a job, and for Germany to be rearmed. They wanted German citizens to
realize how powerful and amazing Germany was. Hitler wanted Germany to be self
sufficient.
The German unemployment rate went to 0%. Hitler had created jobs for everyone by
stopping the payment of reparations, introducing public works( automobiles,
hospitals, houses,etc.) and national service. He did rearmament which created
more jobs, Jews and women were kicked out of business.
economic Policy and Benefits
The treatment of women and young people- they received a high standard of education,
could earn good wages and get good jobs, and they could vote.
They also were not permitted to wear makeup, have permed hair, they had to give up their
jobs to men, and had to stay home to raise their children.
The policy of autarky was a failure. Autarky was Hitler’s ideology that wanted Germany to
cease trade with the outside world and rely entirely on their own resource.
Imports were controlled, but imports of luxuries increased.
Scientist were trying to make oil with coal to find substitutes for other resources like petrol,
rubber, cotton, coffee.
economic Policy and Benefits
Germany had tried to become self sufficient but failed. The policies had failed
and German citizens were unhappy.
National Labour Service made every man between the ages of 18 and 25
had to spend six months in labour camps. They were training the men to
become soldiers.
Life improved in Germany for many ordinary people. Everybody had a job
and wages. People appreciated public works. Germany was very strong.
There was a four year plan that was put into place. It started with preparing
for war, rearmament, and then making Germany self-sufficient.
Political Policy
The Nazis made sure that the German people supported
them by using terror and inciting fear. They also used their
political policy to get new territories.
Religious and Racial Policy
The first Nazi Racial policies were implemented just weeks after Hitler took
power in early 1933
Religious and Racial Policy
Some people had to be prevented from having chldren they
didn't like gay people, black people, gypsies or people with
mental and physical disabilities.
Persecution
what: Hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs.
who: Anyone non-German, Jews, Germany’s gypsies, black people, mentally disabled babies,
mentally ill patients, physically disabled people, people with hereditary diseases, deaf
people,homosexuals, prostitutes, Jehovah's witnesses, alcoholics, pacifists, beggars,
hooligans and criminals.
Persecution
How the Nazis persecuted the Jews:
1933: Jews could not own businesses, be teachers, servants, or lawyers, Germans were
taught that Jews were horrible people.
1935:Signs that said “Jews not welcome here”, Jews could not be citizens
1938: Jews could not be doctors, they had the name Israel or Sarah added to their name,
Jewish children could not go to school, Jewish homes were attacked
1939:Jews forced to live in ghettos
1941: Army einsatzgruppen squads in Russia started mass-shootings of Jews.
Women in the Nazi State
Hitler had a very fixed idea on what women would do in Nazi Germany. He felt
that women that should be at home, taking care of the house and the kids while
the husband is at work all day. Girls in schools were taught to accept this, and
were encouraged to marry “Proper Germans” at early ages. He had also
passed a law called “The Law for Encouragement of Marriage”, which allowed
newly weds to receive a 1000 mark loan from the government (about a nine
month salary in Germany).
Women in the Nazi State
After the war, he realized that maybe the women do need to work. women were
mostly married in Germany around this time and most of their husbands were
at war. That left the women home to have to make money to support their
families and children. If they did not work, they would not have any money at
all, causing even more poverty.
War and its impact on life in Germany:
The 2nd world war
WW2 changed the rationings of things in Germany
Food rationings changed - everyone ate a balanced diet. But many people
ate better during the war.
The Germans were only allowed to use warm water two times per week
Soap rationings
No toilet paper
war and its impact on life in Germany:
The 2nd world war
Life in Nazi germany was mostly rosy and cheery throughout the streets, you
could leave your doors unlocked and you could by groceries for more
cheaper prices. Or so it seemed, it was like storm clouds in front of the
sun, a cheery life in germany, masking the big terrifying picture.
war and its impact on life in Germany:
The 2nd world war
Opposition took place at civilian, church and military levels. None of
this opposition to the Nazis was successful and it is difficult to know
the true extent of it. However, the consequences for those caught
opposing was to go straight to Hitler.
war and Its impact on Germany:
Nazi Opposition
There was a bunch of opposition from different groups against the Nazi
regime. There was the Edelweiss Pirates, The Swing Group, The white
Rose Group, The Red Orchestra, and The Kreisau Group that opposed the
Nazis. These groups opposed Hitler in small ways other than trying to kill
him for the Kreisau Group. The Edelweiss Pirates organised youth against
Hitler. The Swing Group opposed Hitler by listening to Jazz music and by
drinking alcohol.
war and Its Impact on Germany:
After the war
On March 24, 1945, the Allies crossed the Rhine River
On April 22, 1945,Russia's Red Army enters Berlin from the east.
On April 29, 1945, Hitler marries eva Braun in the early hours of the morning.
On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide with his wife.
On May 7, 1945, Karl doenitz was authorised by Hitler to control Germany. doenitz agreed that
Germany surrendered unconditionally. Germany lost the war
All of these events impacted Germany because at the end Germany lost the war. Hitler’s death
impacted many Nazis who loved Hitler. They were devastated that he died. On the other hand, many
other people who hated Hitler were happy that Hitler finally died.
War and Its Impact on Germany:
After the war
Germany after the war had to be punished, but not like the Treaty punished
them, so they decided to split Germany among the allies to temporarily occupy
them. Austria was given up and eastern Prussia was given to Poland. The
Nuremberg Trials were held, 10 Nazi officers were tried and hanged for war
crimes and crimes against humanity