Transcript History & the Novel - University of Oxford

History & the Novel
Germany - The Rise and Fall of Nazism
Key Timeline, 1918 - 1945
1918
1923-4
•
•
•
•
Revolution from Above & Below
Democratic republic created
under Socialist government
(SPD)
War ends in defeat – SPD
blamed
1919-20
•
•
•
Extreme left & right attempt
coups
Ultra democratic constitution
introduced – created multiparty
coalitions under PR
Versailles Treaty imposed –
appeared harsh and unfair to
most Germans
•
•
French invasion of Germany’s
Ruhr
German hyper-inflation
Hitler attempted coup - briefly
jailed
1924-29
• Golden years for Germany
domestically under leadership of
moderate Stresemann
• Abroad, ‘Locarno Spirit’ brings
hopes for European peace and
prosperity
• Hitler reorganises Nazi Party &
attempts to win electoral
support
1929
•
•
•
•
Wall Street Crash In USA.
Leaves Germany near collapse
once more
Growth in support for Communist
Party
Rapid Growth in support for Nazi
Party
1935
• Anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws
introduced
• Conscription introduced
• Nazification of economy under the
4 year plans
1936
•
1933-34
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•
•
Hitler takes power in Germany,
thanks to popular and elite support
Foundations of Nazi Dictatorship
created as Hitler assumes new role
of ‘Fuhrer’
•
Spanish Civil War - Germany joins
Italy in support for Franco’s Fascists
Hitler takes back control of the
Rhineland
Berlin Olympics takes place – all
major powers attend
1938
1939-45
• Anti Semitism stepped up in
Germany with Kristallnacht
• Introduction of Anti-Semitic Laws
in Italy for first time – marks new
alliance between powers
• Nazi invasion of Austria and
Czechoslovakian Sudetenland –
‘allowed’ by Britain via Munich
Agreement
• World War II ends in German
defeat
• - and Hitler’s suicide
1939
• Nazi invasion of rest of
Czechoslovakia
• Nazi invasion of Poland
• Outbreak of War