Ch. 24 Between the Wars
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Transcript Ch. 24 Between the Wars
Ch. 24 The World Between
Wars
Standard 7
POST-WAR STRUGGLES
Large scale disagreement continued over
the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany angered by War Guilt Clause &
Political/Military limitations
US refused to ratify due to harsh terms
The Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) outlawed
war & encouraged the powerful nations
to disarm but had no power to stop war
The League of Nations was weak
because they had no real power to
intervene in conflicts
ECONOMIC STRUGGLE
• 1929 Stock Market Crash launches the Great Depression
• Blamed on overproduction, over extension of credit
• Trade, reparations link world economies together, resulting in spread of
depression
NEW LEADERSHIP
• People began to turn to strong leaders
in the hopes of solving the problems
of political & economic turmoil
• Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) elected US
President in 1932.
• New Deal – jobs and relief programs to
help the economic crisis
• Social Security, FDIC, CCC
• Didn’t end the Depression but helped
people cope with economic troubles
THE SOVIET UNION
Joseph Stalin took power in the Soviet
Union after the death of V.I. Lenin.
Stalin implemented what he called
“five-year plans”
Collectivized farms & Centralized
factories
Resulted in food shortages, lower
production
Political purged sent opponents to
prison labor camps in Siberia
STALIN’S SOVIET UNION
• Stalin undertook to build a large
group of communist nations called
the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR)
• Atheism (the belief that there is no
god) became the state policy.
Other religions were intimidated
into fleeing
RISE OF FASCISM
Some countries turned to fascism
Rights and needs of the individual are
put behind those of the state
In Italy, Benito Mussolini gathered
his followers into combat squads
called Black Shirts
Attacked government officials but
gained public support
Threatened to march on Rome and
launch revolt
1922 King Victor Emmanuel III
appointed Mussolini Prime Minister
to avoid rebellion
ITALIAN FASCISM
• Mussolini brought the economy under state
control & helped improve government services
• Propaganda urged people to defer their goals
to the state’s goals
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
Germany’s Weimar Republic was weak and ineffective
Many political parties competed for control
Poor economic conditions were made worse by reparations payments
With the start of the depression, inflation skyrocketed ($1 = 1.3 T RM)
The National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) argued that
Germany had been stabbed in the back by its weak leaders
Formed groups of SA troops to fight communists and others in the
streets
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
• Charismatic speaker Adolf Hitler led the party
• 1923 Beer Hall Putsch failed in attempt to overthrow government
• Hitler served a year in prison, wrote Mein Kampf, setting out goals of the
Nazi party
• Based on racism, fierce nationalism & anti-Semitism
HITLER & NAZI GERMANY
After close elections, Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933
President Hindenburg’s death and the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to
combine the powers of government into a single office: Furher
Hitler controlled opposition though SS troops & secret police (the
Gestapo).
Hitler & Nazi Germany
He undertook a systematic plan to rebuild Germany
through public works
Built the autobahn super highway system through Germany
Built a new capital at Berlin
Planned expansion into neighboring countries for lebensraum
(living space)
Also planned a wholesale elimination of Jews, Communists,
handicapped, and other minorities that spoiled the “Aryan”
race