Transcript Chapter 31 OVERVIEW - Coach Simpson's World

The Great Depression
U.S. Stock Speculation
*Speculators inflate stock value.
The result was *unrealistic price
levels which would cause the
stock market to crash and
begin the Great Depression
Global Economic Depression
stock market crash
led
to….Tariffs…Trade
dropped
65%.....Every country
suffered; some more
than others
The Great Depression*Global Depression (World-wide)
*High unemployment
*High inflation
(overprinting of marks)
*Deficit Spending
(Governments borrowing
money)
Germany ends up with
dictatorship
US-Democracy
Most of the democracies
that were formed after
WWI did NOT meet the
needs of their citizens
Soup line in Chicago
FDR’s New Deal
FDR elected in 1932; *enacted the New
Deal to try and help the U.S. out of the
Great Depression.
Large public works projects created new
jobs
Government gave financial aid to
businesses and farms
Lg. amounts of public money was spent
on welfare and relief programs.
Regulations imposed on the stock market
and banking systems
Impact of the New Deal
More gov't involvement
but w/in the context of
traditional U.S.
democracy (not
socialist…)
New Deal helped in
stimulating the U.S.
economy, but only WWII
would truly end the
Great Depression 
unemployed found jobs
in munitions factories
and the military
The Great Depression*Global Depression (World-wide)
Economies fail
*Young
Democracies do
not meet the
needs of the
people
*Many people turn
to totalitarian
dictators to rule,
but not America
Candidate 1
•Education – Some
Secondary Schooling,
through 9th grade.
•Religion – Love of his
country, Christian.
•Career – Veteran of a
World War, decorated
twice for courage in battle,
public speaker and leader
of a large political party,
wrote a best-selling book.
•Personal habits – Non
smoker, vegetarian
Candidate 2
•Education – Harrow School,
and College Graduate of
Royal Military School.
•Religion – Christian
•Education – History
degree from Harvard
University, Graduate of
Columbia Law School.
•Experience – 2nd Lt. In an
army regiment, experienced
war veteran, Head of the
nation’s Naval War Staff,
Nation’s Minister of Finance,
leader – in the House of
Commons for 40 years, Nobel
prize winner in literature.
•Religion – Christian
•Married – 57 years, with 5
children
•Negatives – Paralyzed
from the waist down,
marital infidelity, drinks
and smokes.
•Negatives: Did some jail
time as well.
•Negatives: Drinks whiskey
and smokes cigars. Known
for his “liberal” politics.
•Single, no children
•Age - 66
•Age - 44
Candidate 3
•Career – NY Senator,
Asst. Sec. Of the Navy,
Governor of New York.
•Married – 40 years with 5
children
•Age - 50
Adolf Hitler
•Education – Some Secondary
Schooling, through 9th grade.
•Religion – Love of his
country, Christian.
•Career – Veteran of a World
War, decorated twice for
courage in battle, public
speaker and leader of a large
political party, wrote a bestselling book.
•Personal habits – Non
smoker, vegetarian
•Negatives: Did some jail time
as well.
•Single, no children
•Age - 44
Winston Churchill
•Education – Harrow School,
and College Graduate of
Royal Military School.
•Religion – Christian
Franklin Roosevelt
•Education – History
degree from Harvard
University, Graduate of
Columbia Law School.
•Experience – 2nd Lt. In an
army regiment, experienced
war veteran, Head of the
nation’s Naval War Staff,
Nation’s Minister of Finance,
leader – in the House of
Commons for 40 years, Nobel
prize winner in literature.
•Religion – Christian
•Married – 57 years, with 5
children
•Negatives – Paralyzed
from the waist down,
marital infidelity, drinks
and smokes.
•Negatives: Drinks whiskey
and smokes cigars. Known
for his “liberal” politics.
•Age - 66
•Career – NY Senator,
Asst. Sec. Of the Navy,
Governor of New York.
•Married – 40 years with 5
children
•Age - 50
Four Totalitarian Dictators
Adolf Hitler
Ruler of
Germany
“Dur Furher”
Mussolini
Ruler of Italy
“El Duce”Newspaper man
Joseph Stalin
Cruel ruler of
Soviet Union
“Man of
Steele”
Tojo
Military leader
of Japan
Features of
Totalitarian States
*Single Party
Dictatorship
State control of the
economy
*Secret Police and state
terrorism
*Censorship/Gov’t
control of media
Use of schools/media to
indocrinate citizens
Unquestioning
obedience to single ruler
Joseph Stalin - Soviet Union
Command economy:
gov’t makes all economic
decisions
Five-Year Plans: *to
develop heavy
industry/catch up with the
industrialized nations
Soviet Union
*Soviets less
affected by the
Great Depression
because of the
planned economy
Limited consumer
goods led to
shortages:housing,
food,clothing,etc.
*Mass Murder in the
Soviet Union*
The Great Purge:
campaign of terror by
Stalin to eliminating
anyone who threatened
his power.
Stalin had political
prisoners executed
Orthodox leaders sent
to labor camps; often
die as a result
Setting the Stage in Germany
After WWI
Germany blamed
for starting WWI
in the treaty of
Versailles
The harsh
conditions of this
treaty will lead to
the rise of Nazism
in Germany
Setting the Stage in Germany
Weimar Republic –
a weak democracy
in Germany after
WWI
The German
government cannot
solve Germany’s
economic problems
German Reichstag
Adolf Hitler 1889-1945
He blamed the
democratic leaders
for surrendering to
the Allies in WWI
*To gain support
Hitler promised the
German people he
would withdraw from
the League of
Nations
Nazism
National Socialist
German
Workers’ Party,
called Nazi for
short
German form of
Fascism
supported by
people in the
middle and lower
class
Adopted the swastika, or “hooked
cross” as its symbol
Nazi Party
By 1930’s the
Nazi party
gained
popularity
1933 Hitler
became
Chancellor of
Germany
Nazi Aggressions*1936-Hitler
sent troops
into the
Rhineland
Nazi Aggressions
*1938-Hitler
annexed
Austria
*1938-He
demanded the
Sudetenland
(part of Czech.)
Munich Conference –
Appeasement - 1938
Appeasement is giving in to a bully in
hopes that he will no longer continue
to threaten others;
*France and Britain Gave Hitler the Rhineland,
Sudetenland and Austria on the promise that he
would not expand Germany any more.
*They thought if they appeased Hitler, he
would stop
Nazi Aggressions
Six months later
Hitler makes a treaty
with the Soviet
Union; nonaggression pact
he then took the rest
of Czech.
*1939- Appeasement
fails & Germany
invaded PolandWWII begins in
Europe
*Fascism
Political system that
emphasized loyalty to its
state and obedience to its
leader.
*Extreme Nationalism:
*glorified nation above
individual
State dictates economic
activities of individuals
Rule by one all-powerful
dictator
Mussolini Comes to Power in
Italy
Italians felt the democratic government they had
was helpless to deal with their problems and were
looking for a strong leader.
*A newspaper editor and politician named Benito
Mussolini promised to rescue Italy by reviving its
economy and rebuilding its armed forces.
Italy’s king let Mussolini form a new government
and so Mussolini became “Il Duce”, the leader;
came to power legally.
The Fascist government was formed.
Japanese Imperialism
*An important
reason for Japanese
attacks on
Manchuria and
China was that
they wanted to
obtain natural
resources for their
industry
Going to War
*Japan’s invasion of China in 1937 and the
attack on Poland by Germany in 1939 were
“catalysts” leading up to WWII beginning in
Asia and Europe.