Transcript The West Between The Wars - Miami Beach Senior High School

The West Between The Wars
Mr. Ermer
World History Honors
Miami Beach Senior High
An Uneasy Peace
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Peace treaty creates new countries, tries
to make most happy, but doesn’t
US President Wilson knows problems in
treaty will lead to another war
League of Nations set to deal with probs
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US does not join, Senate rejects the treaty
Germany forced to pay $33 billion
Germany says it cannot pay, France takes
control of Ruhr Valley (industrial center)
Germany prints more money=inflation
Working Toward Peace
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German money becomes worthless
Dawes Plan restructures German debt
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US begins heavy investment in Europe
Treaty of Lorcano draws new German
boarders
Thought to begin new era of European
peace
1926: Germany joins League of Nations
26 nations promise to ban war, but no rules
of enforcement are set. Promises mean
little.
The Great Depression
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Depression: period of low economic
activity and rising unemployment
Some countries experience slow economy
U.S. stock market crash of 1929
U.S. banks pull investment from Europe
Political leaders offer simple, but radical,
solutions—people support them
Government economic control increases
Marxist/Communist ideas gain popularity
Democracy After The War
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After WWI, many European countries
adopt democratic systems of government
Women gain right to vote in many nations
Germany est the Weimar Republic, weak
4.4 million Germans jobless in 1930
France most powerful continental nation,
but depression hurts confidence in gov
Popular Front gov passes economic policy
to help end depression, it doesn’t
The UK & US
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United States and Japan replace British
goods, British companies hurting
UK:Labor Party loses power, Conservatives
make changes that help economy
John Maynard Keynes argues that the
government should put people to work
US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
enacts the New Deal to end depression
New Deal spends money on public works,
and creates Social Security
The Rise of European Dictators
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Dictatorships rise in Italy, Germany, Spain
& the Soviet Union (Russia)
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France & Britain are only big democracies left
Totalitarian State: government aims to
control political, economic, social,
intellectual and cultural lives of citizens
Fascism: state is above all else, strong
central government ruled by dictator
Authoritarian State: Ultimate authority
rests with the state and its dictator
Benito Mussolini & Italian Fascism
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Economic problems cause middle class
fear of Communist revolution like Russia
Worker strikes are many and violent
Mussolini’s Fascists attack Socialists
Uses people’s fears and patriotism to grow
support for his Fascist movement
1922: Mussolini named prime minister
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1926: All other parties outlawed, OVRA
Propaganda molds single-minded
community of Italian Fascists
The New Soviet Union
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Control of production, lack of goods causes
Russians to strike and revolt
1921: Lenin ends war communism for NEP
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1924: Lenin dies, Politburo can’t pick new
leader—Trotsky vs. Stalin
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eventually agrees on Joseph Stalin is leader
Stalin gains complete control of Communists
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Modified version of capitalism brings growth
Purges all who disagree, Trotsky exiled to Mex.
Stalin ends NEP, starts Five-Year Plan
Stalin’s Five Year Plan
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Sets goals for five year period
Russia industrializes very rapidly
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Cities grow too fast, poor conditions
Collectivization of agriculture
Stalin strengthens his control of govt
Purges all old Bolsheviks
8 million Russians arrested, millions more
sent to labor camps or executed
Takes back civil rights/freedoms granted
in the 20s
Other Authoritarian Regimes
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Eastern European countries embrace strong
leaders who promise to fight communism
Only Czechoslovakia remains democratic
1936: In Spain, General Francisco Franco
leads Fascist military revolt
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Italy and Germany support Franco’s cause
1939: Franco sets up dictatorship in Spain,
favoring large landowners, businessmen and
priests
Adolf Hitler & The Nazis
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Born 4/20/1889 in Austria, fails high
school, goes to Vienna to be artist—fails
Fights in WWI’s Western Front, then
enters politics in Germany
1921: Hitler controls the National Socialist
German Workers Party (NASDAP-”Nazi”)
Hitler leads a revolt in Munich, fails, jailed
In jail, writes Mein Kampf, where he
outlines his belief in Social Darwinism,
nationalist, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism
Rise of Nazism
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Hitler expands Nazism to all of Germany
1929: Largest party in the Reichstag
Conservatives look to Hitler for leadership
March 23, 1933: Reichstag passes
Enabling Act, Hitler can ignore constitution
Concentration Camps set up for opposition
All other parties abolished, Hitler is sole
ruler of Germany called Fuhrer
Nazi’s push for an Aryan nation, to
dominate Europe like the Romans as third
German Empire (Holy Roman and German
Empire of 1871)
Nazi Germany 1933-1939
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SS: Special force, directed by Heinrich
Himmler, acting as Hitler’s body guards,
and controlling secret and regular police
$$$ put into building and militarization
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Unemployment down, depression ends
Social organizations and parades boost
support, help teach Nazi ideals
Gender roles defined by the party
Anti-Semitic policies enacted by govt
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November 9, 1938: Kristallnacht
Work On It:
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Page 450, write and answer questions
1-8