Transcript The Rise of Dictators - pamelalewis

World between the Wars
Quiz 12/18
WWII and Rise of
Dictators
Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security
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League of Nations weak
French strictly enforced Treaty of Versailles
Crazy inflation in Germany (1914: 4.2 marks=1
dollar, 1923: 4.4 trillion marks=1 dollar)
Dawes Plan: reduce reparations, matched
Germany’s yearly payments with ability to pay,
loan to Germany
Kellog-Briand Pact: 1928, pledge to not go to
war, made war illegal
Dawes Plan and Kellogg Briand
Pact
Great Depression
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Causes:
– 1) overproduction of food/cotton/etc. led
to falling prices
– 2) international financial crisis from
crash of US stock market 1929 (credit)
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1932 worst year
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GB 25% unemployment, Germany 40%
states lowered wages/raised tariffs to
protect industry
renewed interest in Communism
people turned to leaders with simple
solutions
Democratic States
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Germany
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Weimar Republic faced HUGE economic problems with
no strong political leadership
France
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political instability
Great Britain
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economist John Maynard Keynes argued gov’ts should
put people to work so they have money to buy things, this
would help end depression
USA
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected in 1932
New Deal policy of active gov’t intervention in economy
(Works Progress Administration, Social Security, etc.)
Weimar Germany
The Rise of Dictators
Hitler's
Imperial
March
In your opinion, which person is the most worthy of
entry into the Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame?
Terms
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Authoritarian state - complete obedience to
authority as opposed to individual freedom
Dictatorship – one person holds all the power
Totalitarian state – gov’t controls political, social,
economic, intellectual, cultural lives of citizens
Fascism – political ideology where state glorified
above individual, led by dictator
Nazism – political ideology of extreme German
nationalism, strong anti-Semitism,
anticommunism, and social Darwinian theory of
social struggle
Use the upcoming slides to fill in
blank boxes.
Dictator
Country
Political
Party
Type of
Gov’t
Hideki
Tojo
nationalist Dictator,
Totalitari
an
Benito
Mussolini
fascist
Dictator,
Authoritarian
Josef
Stalin
communist
Dictator,
Totalitarian
Francisco
Franco
fascist
Dictator,
Authoritarian
Adolf
Hitler
Nazi
Dictator,
Totalitar-
Policies
Characteristics
Based upon events how
would you describe this
leader?
Tojo Hideki
Japan
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1920s- economic and political crises
Struggle between civilians and military to control gov’t
1930s- military take over
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emphasized nationalism
absolute loyalty to emperor
Manchurian/Mukden Incident –
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1931 Japan used “attack” on railway as excuse to take over
Manchuria (NW China and Korea)
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Japanese wanted resources
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Became more aggressive towards West
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Closer w/ Nazi Germany;
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signed Anti-Comintern Pact w/ Germany 1936 agreeing to stop
spread of Communism
Mussolini “Il Duce”
Italy and Mussolini
Benito Mussolini; “Il Duce”=the leader
1919-
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created political group called Fascio di
Combattimento (fascism)
1920-1921–
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Formed Blackshirts to attack communists
1922–
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Demanded more land for Italy; used nationalism
Forced king to make him Prime Minister
1926–
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Mussolini closed down all free press
Made laws by decree
Mussolini recognized independence of Vatican in
exchange for backing of pope
Josef Stalin
The Soviet Union and Stalin
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1922-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally
created
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power struggle with Trotsky, Stalin took over, kept Lenin’s policies
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By 1929 Stalin eliminated original Bolsheviks from Politburo
(policy making body of communist Party)
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5 Year Plans – transform USSR into industrial country in 5
year increments
Collectivization – private farms eliminated, peasants
worked land owned by gov’t
Costs of Stalin’s programs:
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1) peasants hated collectivization, hoarded food, bad crop years led
to starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33
2) continual purging of gov’t leaders (bureaucratic, military,
intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia killed or sent to Siberia to forced
labor/work camps (Gulag) by 1936 38.8 million arrested
Franco
Spain and Franco
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Spanish Civil War 1936-39–
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Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco–
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fascist Franco led rebellion>overthrow
democratic gov’t
Hitler saw it as a test war
Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to
show horrors of the civil war
Franco won, set up authoritarian gov’t
Picasso’s Guernica
Hitler
Parade &
Hitler
Germany and Hitler
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Nicknamed der Führer
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Militia called Brownshirts
Hitler thrown in jail, wrote his ideas in a book Mein Kampf
(my struggle)
Promised to create new Germany by:
1) giving $ to private companies to hire workers
2) rearmament – rebuild German army, navy, air force
3) create pure German race
4) blamed Jewish population for loss of WWI and Treaty of
Versailles
Appointed chancellor 1933–
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which means the leader, National Socialist German Workers’ Party
(Nazis)
gained absolute power by act of Reichstag (legislative body)
Purged gov’t of Jews, created concentration camps – large
prison/work/death camps
Nazi Germany 1933-1939
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Aryan goal (pure German, blond hair, blue eyes, tall, strong)
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create Third Reich (third empire)
SS – secret police, ran concentration camps, had 2
principles: terror and ideology
Joseph Goebbels amazing propaganda minister
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used all means to convince people of Nazi ideology: movies, newspapers, posters,
slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass rallies, etc. believed “if you say something
often enough, people will believe it”
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Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg laws passed 1935
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Jews not allowed to be German citizens
Jews not allowed to marry German citizens
Jews had to wear yellow star of David, carry ID cards
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Kristallnacht – November 9, 1938 “night of shattered glass”
Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses and homes
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sent many Jews to concentration camps
those who remained forced to clean up destruction
not allowed in public places
Goebbels
Kristallnacht
Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame
Read on the Dictators in Europe
Create profiles on Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in the
USSR, and Hitler in Germany. You are “profiling”
them! WWII 12/18
-Who were they?
-What were their policies?
-How did they treat their people?
-How did the people respond?
Hall of Fame/Wall of Shame
• Select the person you think is the most worthy of entry
into the Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame.
• Create a poster your selection as either a Hall of Fame
candidate or Wall of Shame candidate.
• Include 6 adjectives of positive or negative character
traits to display on their poster.
• Title Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame
• Name of Person
• All achievements
• Illustration
• A paragraph stating why they believe this person is
worthy of placement in the Hall of Fame or Wall of
Shame.