Transcript World War II

Question of the Day
 Which of the following statements
about the 1936 Summer Olympics is
not accurate?
(A) they were held in Berlin,
Germany
(B) German Jews were not allowed
to compete
(C) some Americans suggested
the U.S. should boycott the Games as
Adolf Hitler would use them to
promote his goals and vision
(D) American Jesse Owens won
four gold medals
(E) German authorities refused to
remove "Jews not wanted" and other
anti-Semitic signs from public places
World War II
Chapter 35
“FDR and World War II”
Trying to keep the Peace
 Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations
 Washington Disarmament Conference
Five Power Treaty
 Kellogg-Briand Pact
 War Debts & Reparations
US Europe’s largest creditor
Allies couldn’t pay back the US
Dawes Plan
Hoover declared debt moratorium
 Great Depression
Like a Good Neighbor…the US is there!
 Good Neighbor Policy:
Improve relations in Latin America
FDR: “the good neighbor respects himself & the rights
of others”
Policy of non-intervention & cooperation
The rise of the “bad boys”
 Rise of totalitarian regimes
Fascism
 Italy: Mussolini
 Japanese military dictatorship
 German: Hitler
Communism
 USSR: Stalin
 Japan invades Manchuria
Need for resources & land
New foreign markets
Leaves the League of Nations
 Bad Boys Unite:
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
American Isolationism
Americans concerns with GD at home
Sought to avoid involvement in Europe
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937
If faced with war:
Prohibit the sale of arms, loans & credits
Forbade Americans to travel on vessels @
war
Non-military good must be purchased on cash
& carry basis
Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War
Limited options of President in a crisis
America declined to build up its armed
forces to deter aggressors
FDR’s Quarantine Speech
Condemned Japan and Italy for their
aggressive actions
Urged democracies to “quarantine” the
aggressors by economic embargoes
Criticized by isolationists fearing FDR
might lead US into war
FDR retreated and sought less direct
means to address totalitarianism
Here we go again…
Germany leaves League of Nations &
Treaty of Versailles
Germany absorbs Austria
APPEASEMENT
PACIFISM
Germany takes Czechoslovakia for the
Sudetenland region
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Invasion of Poland starts WWII (9-1-1939)
Wonder how long the honeymoon will last?
A World Divided…
Axis
Germany (1939)
Italy (1939)
Japan (1940)
Hungary (1940)
Romania (1940)
Bulgaria (1941)
vs.
Allies
Great Britain (1939)
France (1939)
U.S.S.R. (1941)
U.S. (1941)
China
43 other countries
Axis Powers full throttle…
Germany use of “blitzkrieg”
USSR expanded in the East
Neutrality of 1939—US aided European
democracies in limited fashion “cash &
carry”; improved the US economy
Meanwhile in Europe…
German expansion
Fall of France
Battle of Britain
Axis Powers official b/t G, I, and J
End of the honeymoon:
Germany invaded the Soviet Union—fatal error
for Hitler…should have had the Brits subdued
US response to the war in Europe
FDR proclaimed the US could not remain
neutral
FDR called for building of armed forces
Congress passed Selective Service Act
Isolationists versus Interventionists
Destroyer-Base Deal
FDR won a remarkable THIRD TERM
Lend-Lease
FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech
Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of religion
Freedom from Want
Freedom from fear
Atlantic Charter
Secret meeting b/t FDR and Churchill
Respected self-determination
Called for the creation of the United
Nations
Move over Japan…
US harsh on Japanese attacks in Asia
US passed embargo against Japan
Export aviation gas, lubricants, scrap iron/steel;
iron ore, certain chemicals, tools, etc.
US demanded Japan to withdraw from
Indochina & China
Japan began to plot secret attack on US
December 7, 1941
 “a date that will live in
infamy”
 Damage:
8 battleships in harbor
Over 2500 killed
3 aircraft carriers spared
America in
WWII
Chapter 36
Mobilizing for War
 With the men enlisting in the military, women stepped up
to work in the factories (Rosie the Riveter)
 African Americans moved to the North to work
 General population shifted to the “sunbelt”
 Women joined the military in WACS, WAVES to do
medical & tech support, along with flying equipment to
war zone and decoding
 War Production Board was created to aid in the
transition from consumer to war goods
 Raised taxes to pay for the war
 Volunteerism raised…no mass hysteria like seen in
WWI.
A little thing out in the desert:
 Manhattan Project
Research all aspects of
building the A-bomb in
hopes of out doing
Germany (and Soviets)
for the bomb
Worked in Los Alamos,
NM headed by
Oppenheimer
Ran tests in the desert
War @ Home
 Selective Service Act: authorized the peacetime
draft in 1940
 War Production Board: gov help in transition
from consumer goods to war goods
 Americans were asked to buy war bonds
 Victory gardens—grew own veggies
 Rationing of products: sugar, gas, meat, rubber
and other products
Japanese-Americans after Pearl
Harbor
Executive Order 9066:
Japanese- Americans
were forced from their
homes into internment
camps in remote
locations, many lost
everything; sued for
civil rights were
violated. 1983 gov
paid reparations
Minorities @ War
Women served in
the Women’s Army
Corps (WACS)
A-A: Tuskegee
Airmen
Native Americans:
code talkers
Trying to end the War:
Grand Alliance: those who fought against
Axis Powers created the UN Declaration in
1942
Objectives:
Hitler first then Japan
Military Plans:
Economic blockades
Air attacks
Final direct assault on Germany
1st Six Months were iffy
Japan was rapidly
gaining control in the
Pacific and had control
of the major supply
route into China from
India
 US Loss of the
Philippines & the
Bataan death march
Allied Turning points in the war
Battle of Stalingrad: first major German
defeat on land
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
 Perhaps war’s most important
battle; led by Gen. Eisenhower
 Significance:
 Opened a 2nd front of the war
in Europe
 Within months Belgium,
France & Lux were liberated
 Battle of the Bulge: Dec. 1944
 Hitler launched one more
offensive attack to keep US
troops out of Germany. Gen.
Patton countered.
The pressure is on…
 The pressure is on
US approached Berlin
from the west
Soviets came from the
east
May 7, 1945—V-E Day
Island hopping
 Battle of Midway: turning point in the Pacific
Allies broke the Japanese code
US crushed the Japanese naval fleet…destroyed any
hope of Japan of attacking the US mainland
 Iwo Jima:
Fighter planes now close enough to bomb Japan
 Okinawa:
American casualties will result in the use of the atomic
bomb
Bombs Away!
 August 6 & 9, 1945:
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki were
bombed
140K killed instantly;
tens of thousands later
due to radiation
poisoning, cancer, etc.
Sept. 2, 1945: Japan
surrendered aboard
USS Missouri
Costs of War
 40-55 million dead; 25 million
civilians
 30 million Europeans lost their
homeland
 Massive destruction of cities
 Holocaust:
 6 million plus Jews were killed
as part of Hitler’s Final
Solution
 6 million others (Gypsies,
physically/mentally
handicapped, political
opponents) were also killed