Transcript Chapter 16: World War II

CHAPTER 16: WORLD WAR II
ISOLATIONISM
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International conflicts in mid 1930s
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Most Americans do not want to be involved
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1928 – U.S. had signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact -> signed by 62 nations -> war will not be
used -> no plan to enforce it
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Thomas Jefferson had warned of “entangling alliances” or being involved in the affairs of
other countries
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Many Americans were fearful of all foreign elements
• Jews
• Catholics
• immigrants
AMERICANS WERE UPSET ABOUT WWI
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Books are published stating the U.S. had been dragged into war by greedy bankers and
weapons manufacturers
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Congressional committee led by Senator Gerald Nye -> shows large profits made during
WWI
QUESTION
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What factors contributed to Americans’ growing isolationism?
ANSWER
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Large profits had been made by banks and weapon industry during WWI
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Bitter about being in that war
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Hatred of the military
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FDR’S FOREIGN POLICY
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1933 – FDR is a friendly president
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Recognizes the Soviet Union in 1933 and exchanges ambassadors
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Good Neighbor Policy – no intervention in Latin America
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Withdrew armed forces in L. America
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1934 – reduces tariffs
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1935 – Congress passes the NEUTRALITY ACTS
• U.S. could not sell weapons or give loans to nations in war
JOURNAL
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When do you think it is right for the U.S. to enter a war? Why?
JOURNAL
• Do you think the U.S. would have entered World War II
if Pearl Harbor had not been attacked? Why or why
not?
CHAPTER 17
• The United States in WWII
SECTION 1: MOBILIZING FOR DEFENSE
• Japan Times says America is “trembling in her shoes”
• 5 million volunteer for military service
• Selective Service Act provides 10 million soldiers
• Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) – women
volunteers serve in non-combat positions
• Pilots, ambulance drivers, electricians
WHAT ABOUT DISCRIMINATION?
• “Here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for
the protection of a white man”
DISCRIMINATION IN MILITARY
• 300,000 Mexican-Americans join the military
• 1 million African Americans in segregated units > no combat until 1943
• 33,000 Japanese Americans
• 25,000 Native Americans
• Chinese cannot become naturalized citizens
A PRODUCTION MIRACLE
• Factories are converted for war production
• Car plants now make tanks, planes, boats
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Henry Kaiser’s shipyards made a ship each day by 1945
CONTRIBUTION OF THE WORKERS
• Men are fighting
• 6 million women enter the workforce
• No problem operating welding torches
or riveting guns
• Paid 60% of what men earn
• Minorities are also not hired at first
A. PHILIP RANDOLPH
• Most respected African American labor leader organizes a
march on Washington D.C. 1941
• Demands: “The right to work and fight for our country.”
• March is cancelled after FDR issues executive order making
discrimination in defense industries illegal
HOW DID WWII END THE GREAT DEPRESSION?
MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS
• 1941 – FDR creates the Office of Scientific Research
and Development (OSRD) -> leads to better radar + sonar,
pesticides, penicillin
• Secret development of the atomic bomb – German scientists
(Albert Einstein) split uranium atoms -> release enormous
amounts of energy
• FDR starts intensive program to build an atomic bomb in 1942 =
Manhattan Project
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THE FEDERAL GOVT. TAKES CONTROL
• Office of Price Administration
(OPA) – freezes prices so that
the price of goods does not
increase drastically
• Higher taxes + war bonds
keep inflation in check
• War Production Board (WPB)
– decides companies that will
convert to war production
• Rationing – families are only
allowed to purchase small
quantities of scarce goods
(meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline)
QUESTIONS SECTION 1
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How did each of the following contribute to the war effort?
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1. Selective Service Act
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2. Woman
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3. Minorities
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4. Manufacturers
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5. A. Philip Randolph
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6. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
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7. Office of Price Administration (OPA)
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8. War Production Board (WPB)
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9. Rationing