Transcript File - Mr. Parana`s Website

Chapter 16 Section 4 Notes
U.S. Moves Towards War
U.S. Neutral until Invasion of Poland
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Congress finally agrees to end neutrality
Cash and Carry Policy (Sept. 1939)
 Countries at war (Eng. & Fra) can
buy stuff from U.S. if they:
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pay cash
provide own transportation
This helped a bit
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didn’t prevent takeover of France
still heavy damage to England
Allied ships busy with Germans
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Hard time coming and getting supplies
Tripartite Pact (Sept. 1940)
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Germany, Italy, and Japan sign mutual defense treaty
 Become known as the Axis Powers
 If U.S. declared war on one of them, they’d be at war with all 3
U.S. begins prepping for possible war
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FDR gets Congress to increase defense spending a lot (Arsenal for Democracy)
Selective Training and Service Act (1940)
 1st peacetime draft ever
 Men between 21 – 35 yrs old registered
 Eventually changed to 18 – 45 yrs old.
 10 million men drafted by 1947.
Draft process
described on
my website
1940 Presidential Election
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FDR = Democrat
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Breaks tradition, runs for 3rd term
Wendell Willkie = Republican
 Political outsider
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not in any office before
Lawyer and Pres. of Largest
Electric Comp. in U.S.
Candidates similar on most issues
FDR wins
 Closer election than FDR’s other 2
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Still a blowout
1940 Election Results
U.S. changes Cash-Carry to Lend-Lease
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Britain has no more $ to buy supplies
all ships devoted to its own protection
U.S. changes to Lend – Lease (Mar. 1941)
 Loaned (credit) and shipped supplies to Britain
 Eventually extended this to Russia (June 1941)
when Hitler broke his nonaggression pact.
 Some people opposed this big time
 U.S. helping communists?
 Not England: Churchill quote:
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“The enemy of my enemy is my friend”
Lend Lease shipments from 1941 to end of 1943;
final totals by Sept. 1945 were much higher
German response to U.S. aid = sink ships
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Wolf Pack attacks
 Groups of German U-boats (subs)
attacking supply ships
 Very successful initially
 Sank a bunch of ships
U.S. ships allowed to retaliate (Sept. 1941)
 Shoot on Sight Policy
 Gradually improved ability to sink
U-Boats over the next couple years
Painting of a Wolf Pack attack on supply ships
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Atlantic
Charter
(Aug. 1941)
agreement between Churchill and FDR
Met on a ship in middle of Ocean
What was agreed on:
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collective security (protect each other)
disarmament (get rid of weapons after war)
self determination (people choose own gov)
econ. cooperation (low tariffs, better trade)
freedom of the seas
led to formation of the United Nations
 26 countries signed on to be Allies
FDR & Congress still didn’t declare war
Japan continues acquiring land in Asia
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Already controlled Manchuria and parts of China
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Hideki Tojo (Jap. Military leader… far right)
Emperor Hirohito (near right)
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U.S. not happy (sec. 1 notes)
Both wanted more land
took over French Indochina (July 1941)
 U.S. response = stop trade with Japan
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Biggest impact = no more oil for Japan
Japan ticked off. Prepares to attack
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U.S. knows this
 broke codes
 doesn’t know when.
FDR orders military on high alert
Doesn’t want to act 1st though
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (December 7th, 1941)***
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Japanese air force bombs largest U.S. naval base in Pacific
Sneak attacks last around 2 hrs.
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2,400 killed
1,200 wounded
21 military ships sunk or damaged
300 planes destroyed or damaged
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Largest loss of life on U.S. soil in a military related conflict between the end
of the Civil War and September 11th (3000 deaths)
U.S. declares war on Japan the next day (famous FDR speech)
Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. 3 days later (honor pact)