Transcript WW II Begins Presentation1

World War II Begins
FDR’s Foreign Policy
Phony War
Loss of France
Battle of Britain
USA Involvement
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Franklin D. Roosevelt 193345
• 1933 – Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin
America – non-interventionist
• 1934 – Gets rid of Platt Amendment allowing
Cubans to make own foreign affairs and ends
US Protectorate status but keeps Guantanamo
Naval Base
• 1938 – Mexico nationalizes oil companies and
US companies have to make settlements as
FDR stands by Mexico
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FDR Foreign Diplomany
• 1933 – Recognizes the USSR as a country –
diplomatic ties established
• Philippines – elects prsdient in 1935 - gradually
allowed independence by 1945 – gradual
removal of US military
• Recipricoal Trade Agreements – reduce tariffs
to nations who agree to reduce theirs to us by
50% - easier for international trade
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Fascist Aggression
No one does anything
• 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria, sets up its own
government there
• USA refuses to recognize Manchukuo
• League of Nation protests, no one does anything
• 1935 – Italy takes over Ethiopia
• 1937 – Japan invades China
• League of Nation protests, no one does anything
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The World Avoids War
• Europe allows Hitler to defy Versailles Treaty –
anything for peace - appeasement
• 1933 – Hitler comes to power, builds large military,
modern air force
• 1936 – Hitler sends military troops into the Rhineland –
in contempt of Versailles Treaty agreement
• 1938 – Germany annexed Austria
• 1938 –Munich Pact France and England agree to let
Germany have the Sudenland – part of Czechoslovakia
• 1939- Germany takes over Czechoslovakia
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America wants to avoid
war
• Why?
• Why did they think it was possible?
• What were the causes of WWI?
• Lusitantia sunk by U-Boats – Americans die
• Zimmerman Note
• U-Boats start sinking US merchant ships
bringing goods to Allies 1916
• We were not very neutral
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America wants to avoid
war
• Why?
• Why did they think it was possible?
• What were the causes of WWI?
• Lusitantia sunk by U-Boats – Americans die
• Zimmerman Note
• U-Boats start sinking US merchant ships
bringing goods to Allies 1916
• We were not very neutral
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Isolationists – 1930s
• Saw WWI as a big mistake
• Feared Japan’s imperialism and Europe as a
chance to get into foreign war
• Republicans and Midwesterners – strongest
isolationists
• Avoid War at all cost
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Nye Committee 1934
• Senator Gerald Nye North Dakota
• Main reason WWI
• Great Britain and France owed huge war loans
to US Banks
• Sale of arms – made arms manufacurers rich
• Greed for bankers and arms dealers
• Disillusionment
• Great Depression
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Isolationists Try to Prevent War
Causes of WW I
Neutrality Acts 1930’s
Weapon sales to Allies
1935 – No sale of weapons to warring
countries allowed
Americans die on ships at sea
1935 - Americans forbidden to travel
on ships of countries at war
Bank loans to Allies
1936 – No loans to any country at war
American ships sunk by U-boats
American ships could not trade or
carry take goods to a country at war
Spanish Civil War
1937 – No sale of weapons to any side
in a civil war
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War – September 1939
• 1939: Germany and USSR make non-aggression
pact – they will not go to war with each other
– plan how they will split Poland
• Sept 1939 – Germany invades Poland
• Sept 1939 – USSR takes eastern Poland,
Finland, & Batlic states (Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia that they lost in
WW I
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Phony War
September 1939 - Spring
1940
• Allies: France and Great Brtiain versus
• Axis Powers: Germany & Italy & Japan
• War is declared but no one fights
• 1939 FDR pushes– President could OK sale of weapons
to countries
• “Cash and Carry” – allowed if transport weapons on
their own ships
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USA: FDR Plans for War
• 1936 Ends commercial treaty with Japan
• 1939 - WWII - FDR does not ask people to
remain neutral in their opinions
• Prepares for war
• Atomic energy funding (secret)
• Secretly sold surplus goods to England and France
• LEND LEASE PROGRAM - sells goods to help Allies –
seel arms to those attacked by aggressor nation
• Navy convoy for goods to Great Britian
• Draft Law passed 1940
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Phony War Ends Spring
1940
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Spring 1940
• April: Germany invades Norway and Denmark
• May - Conquer the Netherlands then Belgium
• Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of
Great Britain
• June - Germany takes over France
• July - Battle of Britain begins
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France is Conquered
• June 22, 1940 - France surrenders rather than be destroyed
• Gen Petain is given Southern France - Vichy - to rule as the puppet of the
Germans
• 2/3’s of France is under German military rule for four years
• English send all ships and boats of all types, motor boats, yachts, fishing
ships – to evacuate British soldiers stuck in France at Dunkirk
• British soldiers get out, French do not
• “ Free France” General Charles De Gaulle goes to England
• Leave all equipment behind
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Other areas taken over
by Axis
• Italy invades Egypt and were repelled by the
British
• Germany steps in and the war in Northern
Africa - Egypt is taken in 1941
• Italy invaded Greece and the Germans help
take it over
• Germany, Hungary & Bulgaria take over
Yugoslavia
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New Prime Minister in Great Britain
May 1940
• Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister
• “I have nothing to offer you but blood, toil,
tears, and sweat.”
• He leads the British through WWII
• Distrusts Stalin
• Works well with U.S. President Franklin D.
Roosevelt
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Battle of Britain
July – September 1940
• Hitler thought the British would quit fighting
after the fall of France
• “Operation Sea Lion” - German’s plan for
invasion across the English Channel
• Break them down with air strikes
• Finish up with invasion
• Air strikes begin August 1940
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Battle of Britain
• By Sept. - Harbors, London, and other cities
under siege
• Royal Air Force (RAF) vs. Luftwaffe
• Invasion called off after RAF holds them off
• Air strikes continue through June 1941
• 43,000 British civilians die
• Kept Hitler from sending troops to USSR in
early spring of 1941
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Germans Invade USSR
June 1941
• Conflicting interests in Balkans
• Initial success followed by problems
• Weather - General Winter fought by Germans in
summer uniforms
• Supply lines - too far from home
• Russian fighters - never give up - Stalin would not let
them stop fighting - fight or die
• Stalingrad falls in February 1943 - turning point of the
eastern front
• 1/2 million Germans lost in USSR
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Japanese - America
Tension
• USA sends supplies to China when Japan invades the
mainland in 1937
• Sept 1940 Japan invades French Indochina (after
Germany takes over France)
• Sept 1940 - Japan signs treaty with Germany and Italy
• USA - embargo to Japan on scrap metal and fuel
• Japan takes over Indochina by July 1941
• USA ends all trade with Japan and freeze Japanese
assets in America
• Japan not willing to give up Asian empire
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Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
• USA had helped China vs. Japan
• End trading oil - Japan needed it for ships and
airplane and empire expansion
• Attack on Pearl Harbor - get USA out of the way
• USA declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941
• Not damage dry docks where ships were repaired
• American aircraft carriers were not at Pearl Harbor
• Japan takes over Guam, Wake, Philippines
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