Transcript Chapter 17 Section 4

Chapter 17 Section 4
War Breaks Out
Objectives:
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Explain the international response to
fascism.
Analyze the early events of World War II.
Discuss the reasons for increased tension
between the United States and Germany.
Analyze why Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
Axis Powers
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Germany and Italy form an alliance in
October 1936.
Known as the Axis Powers
Joined by Japan in September 1940
German Expansion
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After WWI German land was taken as part
of the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler began to reclaim land Germany had
lost in violation of Treaty
March 1936 German troops moved into
the Rhineland.
1938 Germany took over Austria and the
Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.
European Reaction
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German expansion was left unchecked by
Europe.
Tension in Europe grew as a result
Munich Conference
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September 1938 Hitler, Mussolini, French
premier Edouard Daladier, British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain, met in Munich to discuss
the situation.
Signed a pact giving Germany the Sudetenland
Adopted a policy of appeasement- giving in to
demand to avoid a larger conflict.
Some said Hitler was righting the wrongs of the
Treaty of Versailles.
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Others feared it would cause Hitler to
want more territory.
European nations began building their
militaries.
U.S. Reaction
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Congress passed a series of Neutrality
Acts in 1935-39 reflecting desire for
peace.
Prohibited the shipment of U.S. arms to
warring nations and required warring
nations to carry goods on their own ships
Americans were prohibited from sailing on
ships of warring nations
WAR!
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March 1939 Germany takes over all of
Czechoslovakia
Hitler proposes to annex Polish city of DanzigPoles refused.
England and France announce they will go to
war if Poland is invaded
Ask Russians to help
August 1939 Russia and Germany sign a
nonaggression pact- agreeing not to attack one
another.
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Agree to divide Poland
1 September 1939 Germany invades
Poland
3 September France/ England declare war
World War II had begun
U.S. Reaction
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Congress changed Neutrality Acts.
Required all military supplies be shipped
on foreign vessels
U.S. wanted to stay out of war.
Europe at War
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May 1940 Germany
attacks France along
the Maginot Line- a
line of defenses on
French- German
border.
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Uses Blitzkrieglightning war- used
tanks, artillery,
soldiers in trucks and
paratroopers in
slashing attacks
before defenders had
time to react.
German army
overwhelms French
Army. Surrenders.
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Swept into Belgium,
Denmark, Luxembourg,
Netherlands and Norway
Trapped British troops at
Dunkirk, France and had
to be rescued
Less than 3 months most
of Europe was under
German control.
Battle of Britain
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August 1940 Hitler massed troops in France to
invade England
Used Luftwaffe- German Air Force to launch
bombing raids and destroy England’s ability and
will to resist.
Battle of Britain outnumbered British pilots
battled Germans for control of the sky over
Britain
Germans suffer horrible losses
By October 1940 Hitler abandons plans to invade
England
Lend-Lease
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Americans were fearful of Germany.
With fall of France, British stood alone.
Roosevelt offered support for British
September 1940 gave 50 WW I destroyers to Britain in
exchange for bases in Caribbean and Newfoundland.
Congress passes Lend-Lease Act
Authorized the president to give aid to any non- Axis
country
Authorized 7 Billion dollars for ships, planes, and tanks.
Atlantic Charter
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Increase in U.S. aid meant U.S. ships were
targets
Germans began attacking U.S. ships
By August 1941 an undeclared naval war
developed between U.S. and Germany
September 1941 Roosevelt issued a “shoot
on sight” order to U.S. warships in the
Atlantic.
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Roosevelt/ British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill meet and sign Atlantic Charter
Pledged not to pursue territorial expansion.
Agreed every nation had the right to choose its
own government and pursue freedom of trade
Every nation had equal access to raw materials
Germany Invades Soviet Union
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June 1941 Germany launches Operation
Barbarrosa invades Russia breaking the
nonaggression pact.
By fall, Germany is deep in Soviet Union.
Japan Attacks
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As war raged in Europe, Japan continued
to expand in the Pacific
Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in U.S.
Approved embargo on shipments of
gasoline , machine tools, scrap iron and
steel to Japan- everything needed to make
war.
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Hidieki Tojo becomes
Prime Minister of
Japan.
Japan plans secret
bombing of U.S. to
prevent U.S. from
interfering with its
expansion in Asia.
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Japan sends peace mission to U.S.
U.S. learns Japan plans to attack but doesn’t
know where.
7 December 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii. Target: Aircraft carriers @ Pearl.
20 ships and 100 planes destroyed.
2,400 men killed including 1,300 on U.S.S.
Arizona
On December 8, 1941 U.S. declares war.