Transcript America Moves Toward WAR

America Moves Toward WAR
Chapter 16 Sec 4
Roosevelt Moves Away from Neutrality
• Cash and Carry – September, 1939, allowed
warring nations to pay cash for U.S. arms and
transport them in their own ships
• June – Sept 1940 – sends 500,000 rifles and
80,000 machine guns – trades 50 old
destroyers for leases on British military bases
in Caribbean and Newfoundland
• September 27, 1940, Tripartite Pact– defense
treaty between Germany, Italy, and Japan
• 3 countries become Axis Powers
U.S. wants to avoid two-ocean war
1940 - increases defense spending
May, 1940 – Winston Churchill
appointed British Prime Minister
• November, 1940 – Roosevelt wins 3rd term
• Lend-Lease Plan – Britain runs out of cash,
Roosevelt introduces new plan saying “U.S.
would lend or lease arms and supplies to any
country whose defense was vital to the United
States.”
Hitler
invades
Soviet Union
in June,
1941.
Roosevelt
sends arms
to Stalin
FDR Plans for War
• Atlantic Charter - August, 1941 – joint
declaration of war aims between U.S. and
Great Britain pledging
– Collective security
– Disarmament
– Self-determination
– Economic cooperation
– Freedom of the seas
– Becomes “Declaration of the United Nations”
signed by 26 nations
Aggression against the United States
in 1941
• September 4 – German submarine fires on U.S.
destroyer Greer
• Roosevelt orders Navy to shoot German
submarines on sight
• September – American merchant ship Pink Star
sunk off coast of Greenland
• October – U-boat torpedoes U.S. destroyer
Kearny
• October - U-boat sinks U.S. destroyer Ruben
James
• Senate lifts ban of arming U.S. merchant ships
Japan Attacks United States
• July, 1941 – Japan take over French bases in
Indochina (present day Vietnam, Cambodia,
and Laos)
• United States protests aggression by cutting
off trade with Japan
• OIL – one thing Japan could not live without
• Japan’s emperor Hirohito wants peace talks
• Hideki Tojo – Japanese military leader
prepares for war
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1313122074001_2101696,00.html
http://www.ahctv.com/tv-shows/world-war-ii-in-color/videos/world-war-ii-in-color-pearl-harbor-attacked/
• 2,403 Americans
killed 1,178
wounded
• 21 ships sunk or
damaged including 8
battleships
• 300+ airplanes
destroyed or damaged
• Aircraft carriers out to
sea survived as well as
most American
submarines
December 8, 1941
• Congress approves President Roosevelt’s
request for a declaration of war against Japan
• December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy
declare war on the United States
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhtuMrMVJDk