Transcript World War II

World War II (1939 – 1945)
Background
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Hitler takes territories
before war
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France and England
allowed it
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Rhineland (1936)
Sudetenland (1938)
[Austria]
appeasement
Hitler keeps going
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Wants to take Poland (used
to belong to Germany)
Nonaggression Pact
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Russia signs with
Germany
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Public (promise not to
attack each other)
Privately (dividing
Poland)
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Gave Hitler assurance
he would not be
attacked from the east
1939
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Germany marches on
Poland
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Appeasement ends
(France and England
had promised
protection)
Blitzkrieg – “lightning
War” – quick and
forceful
Allies not ready
Allies
England
France (sort of)
Russia
U.S. (not until 1941)
Axis powers
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Italy
Germany
Japan
1940
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Winston Churchill takes power
in England
Germany crushes France and
takes Paris (France out of war)
Battle of Britain
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Attack on England
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Luftwaffe (German Air Force)
bombs England
Royal Air Force (RAF) keeps
Germany from winning – puts
up good fight
Japan joins Axis
1941
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Axis Winning (have
most of Europe –
much of SE Asia)
Germany invades
Soviet Union (Russia)
without declaring war
We interrupt this
program…
Dec. 7, 1941
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Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor
U.S. enters war
Background
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1937 – Japan invades
Manchuria (China) and
threatens to conquer more
territory
1941 – U.S. place oil
embargo (halt) against
Japan
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Both sides issue demands
and neither agree
U.S. sends supplies to China
Japan sends delegates to
U.S.
3 Proposals by Japan
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1. quit supplying
China with food,
ammo.
2. start shipping oil to
Japan again
3. stay out of Asia’s
affairs
December 7, 1941
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Japanese Leaders
(Admiral Isoruko
Yamamoto, Prime
Minister Hideki Tojo,
Emperor Hirohito)
The Invasion
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Attack begins at 7:55 a.m.
Battleship row (USS
Arizona hit hardest)
About 100 Navy ships at
Pearl Harbor (7 were
primary targets on
Battleship Row)
Japanese goal – take out 3
aircraft carriers and hit fuel
storage
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Carriers were out to sea that
day
Missed fuel storage
Pearl Harbor
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2 waves of attacks
21 ships sunk, capsized or
destroyed
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10 were important
8 were battleships
Roughly 180 planes destroyed,
150 damaged
Only 43 operational aircraft are
left (38 into the air, 10 shot
down)
Over 3500 casualties (2403
killed)
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1177 were trapped in the
Arizona
Not enough damage for Japan
Japanese casualties
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29 planes lost (5
midget submarines)
100 men die
Importance of Pearl Harbor
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Brings U.S. into war
(vs. both Japan and
Germany)
Japan gets A-bombed
(eventually)
Back to our regularly
scheduled program…
1942 – turning point in the war
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1. El Alamein
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2. Stalingrad
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England beats Germany out
of Egypt and North Africa
Soviets initially driven back to
Moscow and Stalingrad
Burn everything as they
retreat so Germans have no
supplies, food, or shelter
Hitler refuses to retreat (big
mistake)
3. Midway and Battle of the
Coral Sea
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NW of Hawaii (beat Japan)