Transcript WWII
WWII Overview Rise of dictators in Europe (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin) U.S. involvement in war War in Europe and War in Pacific Effects of war on United States (home front) Atom Bomb Holocaust Effects of the War Rise of Dictators in Europe Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler 1. 2. 3. 4. Background Describe how they rose to power What were their goals for their country? How did this leader interact with other countries? What aggressive acts did they take towards other surrounding countries and peoples? Hitler Aspired to be an artist Escaped Austria to avoid military service – captured, failed physical Enlisted in Germany army Temporarily blinded during WWI Military doctor labeled him as “dangerously psychotic” and “incompetent to command people” 1923 - Mein Kampf - outlined his plans for Germany, blamed Jews for WWI loss, wrote about extermination 1933 - Appointed Chancellor – elected by people!!!! 1934 – Declared himself Der Fuhrer (the leader). Mussolini 8 yrs. old - banned from church for pinching and throwing stones at people 11 yrs. old - expelled from school for stabbing a fellow student in the hand 1902 - emigrated to Switzerland to escape military service and become involved in the socialist movement “Country is nothing without expansion” Started fascism Appointed prime minister by king Established dictatorship – rule by one Stalin Name means “man of steel” Wanted to establish Soviet Union as a leader in industry Totalitarian – maintain complete control over citizens Estimated he was responsible for deaths of 8 to 13 million of his own people Japan Many Japanese blamed democratic government for depression – allowed military to gain too much power Population Explosion – 65 million people Need raw materials and land to manage growing population Military seized power Japan Many Japanese blamed democratic government for depression – allowed military to gain too much power Population Explosion – 65 million people Need raw materials and land to manage growing population Military seized power Germany’s Aggression 1935 – Invaded Saar 1936 – Invaded Rhineland 1938 – Invaded Austria 1938 – Invaded Sudetenland (Western Czech) 1939 – Czechoslovakia 1939 – Invaded Poland 1940 – Invaded Denmark, Norway 1940 - Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg 1940 – France http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_wwtwo_movies.shtml Italy’s Aggression Ethiopia – invaded only independent country left in Africa Japanese Aggression 1932-Seized all of Manchuria (Manchurian Incident) 1932-Naval officers killed Prime Minister of Japan 1937-Invaded China 1940-Announced plan of liberating Asia from European colonizers 1940-Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies 1940-Seize French Indochina Pearl Harbor - WHY? Japan needed oil for war America had cut off oil because they were being too aggressive. 80+% of Japan's imports came from the U.S. Japan wanted to take over Malaya and Singapore in Asia to get oil – knew America would come to aid of Britain in defense of their colonies in this region Their goal was to take out U.S. naval fleet so that they could not be a factor. http://users.swing.be/navbat/cartes/11.html Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 – “a date that will live in infamy” 7-9:45 a.m. – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor 2,400 Americans killed 1,200 Americans wounded 19 warships sunk or severely damaged 200 planes destroyed Reaction to Pearl Harbor Attack How did Americans respond to an attack on our soil? December 8, 1941 – U.S. declares war on Japan December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. Mobilizing for War Selective Training and Service Act – 21 to 35 yr. old males must register GIs – Government Issue (name for over 16 million Americans who served during WWII) Rationing – meant to fairly distribute scarce items Japanese Internment • “war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense” December 11, 1941 - FBI detained 1370 Japanese Americans classified as "dangerous enemy aliens." War in Europe – have book open to page 374 1940 – 1943 ->North Africa -> Allies defeat Italy and Germany to gain control of countries in North Africa 1941 - 1942 ->Germany invades Russia to gain “own” supplies of oil and food. Russia withstood invasion and successfully fought Germans back to Berlin. Atomic Bomb feared that Hitler was very close to developing his own bomb Albert Einstein – convoyed fears Manhattan Project - one of the largest and most costly research and development programs of all time Truman – made decision to drop the bombs WHY? to bring about a quick resolution of the war by inflicting destruction and instilling fear Hiroshima = “Little Boy” Estimated 140,000 deaths Nagasaki = “Fat Man” Estimated 80,000 deaths Hiroshima Nagasaki “”If Germany had used the bombs on us, can anyone doubt that we would then have defined the dropping of atomic bombs on cities as a war crime, and that we would have sentenced the Germans who were guilty of this crime to death at Nuremberg and hanged them?” Leo Szilard- played a major role in the Manhattan Project Holocaust • Systematic murder of 11 million people – Jews Gypsies Jehovah’s Witnesses • Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews • Hitler proposes the Final Solution – plans for the systematic killing of Jews – SS (Security Squadrons) – rounded up Jews and shot them – Ghettos – Jews were rounded up and sealed off in ghettos – Concentration Camps – work camps, gas chambers, experiments, crematoriums Liberation of Buchenwald – Reading Questions 1. What is Harry Herder using the readers for? 2. What was the smell that he describes? 3. Why was the Sergeant allowing the men to go to the woods if they needed to? Why did this surprise Harry? 4. Describe his reaction to the crematorium. 5. How does he describe the prisoners? 6. What type of person do you believe the Commandant’s wife to be? 7. What were the people of Weimar doing at the camp? Was this a good idea? 8. Harry is a German American. What thoughts did he have about being German? Group Work 1. Timeline 1941-1945 European Front Pacific Front 2. Goals after WWII 3. Read pages p. Prepare summary of Cold War era.