Transcript Ch 14 Sec 2 The Axis Advances

The Axis Advances
Ch 14 Sec 2
 September 1st 1939-Surprise
attack on Poland
 Blitzkrieg (lightning war).
– Using concentrated tanks and
dive-bombers to break a hole in
the enemy line, followed quickly
by mobile infantry.
Poland
 Hitler used over 1.5 million
men
 Luftwaffe (German Air
Force) bombed major cities,
rail lines and communication
lines
 Tanks vs. Horses
 On September 17th, Stalin
orders Soviet troops to
occupy the eastern half of
Poland.
 Poland fell in three weeks
Winter War
 Soviet troops then occupy
Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania without a fight.
 November-Finland refused
surrender without a fight
 By March, Stalin’s superior
numbers had won.
The Phony War
 Seven months after France and
Great Britain had declared war
on Germany, the two sides had
not fought each other.
 The French waited for Germans
behind the Maginot Line (an
87-mile long line of forts,
concrete walls and underground
barracks).
End of the Phony War
April 1940—Germany attacks neutral
Denmark and Norway
– Denmark falls in hours, Norway will
last months
May 1940—Germans invade
Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
Surprise, Surprise…
 Germans attack
through Belgium
through the thick
Ardennes Forest.
 British and French
Armies are divided.
– British are encircled at
the port of Dunkirk
Miracle at
Dunkirk
 Allied soldiers escaped aboard
anything that could float (yachts,
lifeboats, motorboats, fishing ships).
– 338,000 were rescued
– Link map at 42:56
France Falls
 June 14, Paris is captured.
 On June 22, France surrenders in the
same railcar as Germany in WWI
 Germany takes direct control of the
northern two-thirds of France
 Hitler creates a
puppet gov. in
France:
Three
Results of
the Fall of
France
-The Vichy French
who controlled
southern France.
-“Free French” based
in Britain.
The Battle of
Britain
 Germany must
control air in
order to
successfully
invade England.
 Although
Germans
outnumber the
British, the
Luftwaffe is
unable to defeat
the RAF.
Why did
Germany lose?
Radar
provides early
warning/elimi
nates surprise.
British morale
remains high.
The German invasion of
the Soviet Union
Hitler’s Big Mistake
Germany and the Soviet Union
 Hitler signed a
Non-Aggression
Pact, but violated
it when he
launched
Operation
“Barbarossa” on
June 22nd 1941.
 Wanted natural
resources (like
oil).
June 1941
Operation
Barbarossa
Germans Blitzkrieg
the Soviet front line
forces
Soviets cut off
–Hundreds of thousands
surrender
Germans advance on
Leningrad, Moscow and
the Southern Caucasus
Region
The Three Prongs
 Three points of attack:
 North
towards Leningrad
(St. Petersburg)
 Center towards Moscow
 South towards the oil
rich Caucasus
Mountains
 Germans met initial
success, but were slowed
by Stalin’s “scorched earth
policy”
Where was Japan?
Who should they
be aiding?
North Group
 By Sept. 1941, Leningrad (pop. 2.5
million) was surrounded
 By the end of the siege-900 days:
 one
million were dead
 no animals were alive in the
city
Then the first snows of
winter begin to fall
Germans still have
summer uniforms!
Center Group
 Germans reach suburbs of
Moscow on December 2, but
faced the coldest winter in
decades (-60 degrees)
 Soviets launch
counteroffensive headed by
100 Siberian divisions
 Germans are pushed back
125 miles
Will the Germans capture
Moscow?
Stages of the Holocaust
Stage 1: Life becomes uncomfortable
Boycott of Jewish Businesses (1933)
• 1933
• Hitler announces a
boycott of all
Jewish Businesses
Stage 1: Life becomes uncomfortable
Nuremburg Laws (1935)
• Laws passed depriving
German Jews of their
citizenship and banning
marriages between Jews
and non-Jews.
Stage 2: Life becomes violent…
Kristallnacht (1938)
• Night of broken glass
• On November 10, 1938,
NAZI officials unleash a
savage nationwide
campaign of terror
against Germany’s
Jewish population.
Stage 3: Jews are isolated…
Jewish Ghettos (1939)
• Ghettos, or confined
areas within a city,
are established in
occupied Eastern
Europe.
Children Dying of Starvation in the
Warsaw Ghetto
Stage 4: Removal of Jews
Deportations Throughout Europe (1942-1945)
• Nazis
systematically
round up Jews
throughout
Europe and
transport them to
death camps in
Eastern Europe
STAGE 5: “The Final Solution”
• NAZI officials agree to move forward with a plan to kill
all the European Jews.
• Death camps are built specifically for this purpose.
• Six millions Jews are killed.
Entrance to Auschwitz
Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station
Auschwitz from the air
Auschwitz
The Gas Chambers
The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber
The outside of the Gas Chamber
“Processing” the bodies
Dead bodies waiting to be
“processed”
Shoes waiting to be processed by
the sonderkommando
Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one
day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about twenty five thousand pairs.
Evil succeeds when a few good
men decide to do nothing.
FAIL
Clearly
This
student had
missed the
point of the
picture.
Liberation (1944-1945)
• Allied Troops liberate, or free, 300,000 Jews
US Isolationism
• Americans
wanted to stay
out of
Europe’s wars.
• FDR wanted
to help Britain
anyway.
Lend Lease Act
• FDR sent
war
materials to
Britain and
the USSR.
• This is a
Sherman
tank.
QW
• In what way might US isolationism have
lengthened the war
• 2 Min.
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
12/7/1941
link 44:00
Meanwhile: In the Pacific
• Japan taking over much of China
• US cuts off exports to Japan
– Oil, scrap metal.
• Japan looks to Southeast Asia to get
the resources it needs
– But first it must make sure the US navy
can not intervene to stop them.
– Link 7:42
Tojo – if
you don’t
stop killing
Chinese,
we will cut
off your oil
Do not
threaten
us!
Then we will
have to take it
from
somewhere else
That’s it,
no oil for
you
The Limits of Japanese Expansion (Spring 1942)
• Japan realizes that to succeed in her ambitions
she must remove American influence from the
Pacific. Because America is bigger and more
powerful than Japan a surprise assault is the
only realistic way to defeat her.
• 12/7/1941 Imperial Japan’s First Air Fleet
launches a surprise attack against the United
States Navy (USN) based at Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii.
• The President of the USA, Franklin Roosevelt,
called it ‘a date which will live in infamy’ because
the attack came before war had been declared.
The Pacific ocean showing the proximity of USA, Japan and Hawaii.
Pearl Harbor
QW
• How might the US have been draw into
the war if the Japanese had never bombed
Pearl Harbor?
• 2 Min.
The islands of Hawaii
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, today. Ford island is in the middle,
and battleship row is the dent on the SE side.
Battleship Row
The attack force.
The Japanese Carrier Striking
Task Force.
The Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu
The Japanese Aircraft carrier Hiryu. There were 5
aircraft carriers in all.
Ko-hyotekiJapanese midget attack submarines
Pearl
Harbour
The Military
Commanders
Isoroku Yamamoto- the Japanese
commander.
Fleet Admiral and
Commander in Chief
of the Imperial
Japanese Navy.
Rear Admiral
Husband E.
Kimmel
- the US
commander.
Lieutenant
Commander
Walter Short
- commander
of the US Army
Air force
The Targets
Battleships.
The battleship
USS Arizona.
Aircraft carriers
The USS
Enterprise
1941.
The Curtis Kittyhawk fighter.
Heavy and lumbering. No
match for the nimble Japanese
Zeke “Zero”.
The B 17 Flying Fortress
bomber. Useful for
reconnaissance. Pearl
Harbor did not have enough.
More arrived on Dec 7 1941
during the attack- and were
destroyed.
Prelude
Japanese
carrier
planes
waiting to
take off.
The attack begins
Dec7 1941. Japanese bomber over Hickam field (US army air force)
(Hawaii). Notice large plumes of smoke.
Hickam Field. An army B17 bomber lies cut in half.
The seaplane base- just wreckage where there used to be
airplanes
US airfield under attack- notice all the planes lined up in neat rows.
Easy targets for the Japanese fighters.
• It was shocking to America
because it was the first time
since 1812 that the United
States had been attacked on
its own soil. (The next
occasion would be 9/11)
Aftermath
Courts-martial of the US navy and
army air force commanders
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