Transcript World War II

Question of the Day
 Which of the following statements
about the 1936 Summer Olympics is
not accurate?
(A) they were held in Berlin,
Germany
(B) German Jews were not allowed
to compete
(C) some Americans suggested
the U.S. should boycott the Games as
Adolf Hitler would use them to
promote his goals and vision
(D) American Jesse Owens won
four gold medals
(E) German authorities refused to
remove "Jews not wanted" and other
anti-Semitic signs from public places
World War II
Chapter 35
“FDR and World War II”
Trying to keep the Peace
 Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations
 Washington Disarmament Conference
Five Power Treaty
 Kellogg-Briand Pact
 War Debts & Reparations
US Europe’s largest creditor
Allies couldn’t pay back the US
Dawes Plan
Hoover declared debt moratorium
 Great Depression
Like a Good Neighbor…the US is there!
 Good Neighbor Policy:
Improve relations in Latin America
FDR: “the good neighbor respects himself & the rights
of others”
Policy of non-intervention & cooperation
 London Economic Conference
Purpose: Confront the global depression
Goals: stabilize national currencies & revive
international trade
Significance: showed Hitler & Mussolini US would not
intervene in Europe
Good Neighbor continues
Reduction of Tariffs
Significance: reversed the high-tariff policy
since Civil War that had damaged US and
international economies after WWI.
FDR recognizes the USSR
FDR wanted to use USSR against Japan
US wanted to trade with USSR to boost US
economy
The rise of the “bad boys”
 Rise of totalitarian regimes
Fascism
 Italy: Mussolini
 Japanese military dictatorship
 German: Hitler
Communism
 USSR: Stalin
 Japan invades Manchuria
Need for resources & land
New foreign markets
Leaves the League of Nations
 Bad Boys Unite:
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
American Isolationism
Americans concerns with GD at home
Sought to avoid involvement in Europe
Nye Committee
Believed US entered WWI so arms makers
could profit
Resulted in the Neutrality Acts
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937
If faced with war:
Prohibit the sale of arms, loans & credits
Forbade Americans to travel on vessels @
war
Non-military good must be purchased on cash
& carry basis
Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War
Limited options of President in a crisis
America declined to build up its armed
forces to deter aggressors
Spanish Civil War & Japan makes a move
 Nationalists (Franco) fought
democratic Republican Loyalists
 Congress amended neutrality laws to
apply an arms embargo to both sides
 International implications:
Democracies around the world stood by
RL
Mussolini & Hitler used Spain as a test
Rome-Berlin Axis
 Japan launched full-scale attack on
southern China
FDR’s Quarantine Speech
Condemned Japan and Italy for their
aggressive actions
Urged democracies to “quarantine” the
aggressors by economic embargoes
Criticized by isolationists fearing FDR
might lead US into war
FDR retreated and sought less direct
means to address totalitarianism
Here we go again…
Germany leaves League of Nations &
Treaty of Versailles
Germany absorbs Austria
APPEASEMENT
PACIFISM
Germany takes Czechoslovakia for the
Sudetenland region
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Invasion of Poland starts WWII (9-1-1939)
Wonder how long the honeymoon will last?
A World Divided…
Axis
Germany (1939)
Italy (1939)
Japan (1940)
Hungary (1940)
Romania (1940)
Bulgaria (1941)
vs.
Allies
Great Britain (1939)
France (1939)
U.S.S.R. (1941)
U.S. (1941)
China
43 other countries
Axis Powers full throttle…
Germany use of “blitzkrieg”
USSR expanded in the East
Neutrality of 1939—US aided European
democracies in limited fashion “cash &
carry”; improved the US economy
Meanwhile in Europe…
German expansion
Fall of France
Battle of Britain
Axis Powers official b/t G, I, and J
End of the honeymoon:
Germany invaded the Soviet Union—fatal error
for Hitler…should have had the Brits subdued
US response to the war in Europe
FDR proclaimed the US could not remain
neutral
FDR called for building of armed forces
Congress passed Selective Service Act
Isolationists versus Interventionists
Destroyer-Base Deal
FDR won a remarkable THIRD TERM
Lend-Lease
FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech
Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of religion
Freedom from Want
Freedom from fear
Atlantic Charter
Secret meeting b/t FDR and Churchill
Respected self-determination
Called for the creation of the United
Nations
Move over Japan…
US harsh on Japanese attacks in Asia
US passed embargo against Japan
Export aviation gas, lubricants, scrap iron/steel;
iron ore, certain chemicals, tools, etc.
US demanded Japan to withdraw from
Indochina & China
Japan began to plot secret attack on US
December 7, 1941
 “a date that will live in
infamy”
 Damage:
8 battleships in harbor
Over 2500 killed
3 aircraft carriers spared
Bell Ringer

“Trace the shift of American foreign policy from
isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s to increased
internationalism prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. What
factors accounted for this shift?” (Come up with at least 5)

Use specific factors and examples of historical evidence.
Think in terms of ESP (economic, social & political)
Question of the Day
 When President Obama tosses out the first pitch on opening day for
the Washington Nationals on April 6, 2010, he will be following a
100-year old tradition set by an American president, William Howard
Taft. Which of the statements below about Taft is not true?
A) he weighed over 300 pounds
B) he won the fewest states of any incumbent president in the 1912
election when he carried only two
C) the Panama Canal, a favorite project of his predecessor
Theodore Roosevelt, was opened during his administration
D) the Payne-Aldrich Tariff bill, signed by Taft, raised tariffs on
many products and cost him support among Progressives
E) his administration was marked with disputes over public lands
between Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger and U.S. Forest
Service head Gifford Pinchot, a strong conservationist
America in
WWII
Chapter 36
Mobilizing for War (Stations Brief)
 With the men enlisting in the military, women stepped up
to work in the factories (Rosie the Riveter)
 African Americans moved to the North to work
 General population shifted to the “sunbelt”
 Women joined the military in WACS, WAVES to do
medical & tech support, along with flying equipment to
war zone and decoding
 War Production Board was created to aid in the
transition from consumer to war goods
 Raised taxes to pay for the war
 Volunteerism raised…no mass hysteria like seen in
WWI.
A little thing out in the desert:
 Manhattan Project
Research all aspects of
building the A-bomb in
hopes of out doing
Germany (and Soviets)
for the bomb
Worked in Los Alamos,
NM headed by
Oppenheimer
Ran tests in the desert
Racial Tensions
 A-A civil rights issues were emerging during war
Competition for scarce resources (housing & jobs) in
industrial centers; tension in the workplace
Violence broke out…Detroit was the worse
A. Philip Randolph (aka “Father of the CRM”)
 Equal access to defense jobs
 Desegregation of the armed forces
 End of segregation in federal agencies
 Led the March on Washington Movement
FDR established the Fair Employment Practices
Committee
Trying to end the War:
Grand Alliance: those who fought against
Axis Powers created the UN Declaration in
1942
Objectives:
Hitler first then Japan
Military Plans:
Economic blockades
Air attacks
Final direct assault on Germany
1st Six Months were iffy
Japan was rapidly
gaining control in the
Pacific and had control
of the major supply
route into China from
India
 US Loss of the
Philippines & the
Bataan death march
Allied Turning points in the war
Battle of Stalingrad: first major German
defeat on land
Battle of El Alamein: (Operation Torch):
end of German presence in North Africa
Remember AP doesn’t focus on military
history (strategy) but the impact of these
battles are significant.
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
 Perhaps war’s most important
battle; led by Gen. Eisenhower
 Significance:
 Opened a 2nd front of the war
in Europe
 Within months Belgium,
France & Lux were liberated
 Battle of the Bulge: Dec. 1944
 Hitler launched one more
offensive attack to keep US
troops out of Germany. Gen.
Patton countered.
The pressure is on…
 The pressure is on
US approached Berlin
from the west
Soviets came from the
east
May 7, 1945—V-E Day
Island hopping
 Battle of Midway: turning point in the Pacific
Allies broke the Japanese code
US crushed the Japanese naval fleet…destroyed any
hope of Japan of attacking the US mainland
 Iwo Jima:
Fighter planes now close enough to bomb Japan
 Okinawa:
American casualties will result in the use of the atomic
bomb
Bombs Away!
 August 6 & 9, 1945:
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki were
bombed
140K killed instantly;
tens of thousands later
due to radiation
poisoning, cancer, etc.
Sept. 2, 1945: Japan
surrendered aboard
USS Missouri
Costs of War
 40-55 million dead; 25 million
civilians
 30 million Europeans lost their
homeland
 Massive destruction of cities
 Holocaust:
 6 million plus Jews were killed
as part of Hitler’s Final
Solution
 6 million others (Gypsies,
physically/mentally
handicapped, political
opponents) were also killed
QuEsTiOnS to pOnDeR:
 To what extent and in what ways did World
War II impact American society between 1939
and 1945?
 Compare and contrast the extent to which
American society was impacted during the
World War I era (1914-1920) and the World
War II era (1939-1945). (Refer to WWI notes)
 Analyze the factors that led to the
discrimination of minority groups and political
dissenters in America during World War I and
World War II. (Refer to WWI notes)