Transcript The Great Depression Section 1: The Causes

FDR and the Shadow of War
Chapter 34
1933-1941
The London Economic
Conference
66 nation conference
Aimed at stabilizing currencies
and reviving world trade
 FDR chooses for U.S. not to
participate


– Would “tie his hands”

Three negative outcomes of
his decision:
– 1) Deepening of world
depression
– 2) Strengthened world-wide
trend toward extreme
nationalism
– 3) Emboldened dictators
Freedom for (from) the Filipinos
and Recognition for the Russians

Tydings-McDuffie Act,
1934
– Freedom for Filipinos in
1946
Signaled growing
isolationism
 Emboldened the Japanese
expansionists. Why?
 Formal recognition of
Russia by the United
States in 1933

– Hoped for trade and a
counterweight to Germany
and Japan
Becoming a Good Neighbor

“Good Neighbor Policy” FDR’s policy towards Latin
America
– Renounced the Roosevelt
Corollary of armed
interventionism
 What did they hope to
achieve?
– Renounced interventionism
in Cuba as stipulated in
_______________.

FDR finds great success and
fanfare with this policy.
Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal
Trade Agreements

Reciprocal Trade
Agreements Act, 1934
– Promise to lower tariffs if the
other nation would do the same
– Reversed high-tariff trend
existing since Civil War
Trade, as a two-way street,
avoids conflict and stimulates
economies
 By 1939, ___ countries sign
on.
 Paves way for “free-trade”
agreements in post-war world

Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Totalitarian dictators begin their rise

Hitler’s Rise
– Exploited issues with Treaty
of Versailles and the German
depression (demagogue)
– Attained absolute power,
was impulsive
– The “big lie ”
– Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Withdraws from League of
Nations, 1933
– Begins rearming

Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
– pact with Italy

Japanese withdraw from
Five Power Treaty, 1936
– Withdraws from LON, 1935

Tripartite Pact, 1940

Mussolini and Italy
– Ethiopian Invasion, 1935

Failure of the League
– Failed to embargo oil
– “signed their own death
warrant”
1934 speech (page 782)
--------------------------------------- U.S. Isolationism Grows

– Troubles abroad
– Depression at Home
– Memories of WWI
– Johnson Debt Default
Act, 1934
_____________________
Congress Legislates Neutrality

Nye Committee Investigations
– Twisting of facts ___________________
– Increased isolationism

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936,
1937
– When president proclaims existence
of a foreign war Americans could
not:
– 1) Sail on belligerent ships
– 2) Ship, sale, or transport munitions
– 3) Make loans to them

What does this all mean?
– (pg 783 reading)
Gerald Nye
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Spanish Civil War, 19361939
 Fascists vs. Loyalists (to
the republican
government)

– General Francisco Franco

Neutrality acts cause U.S.
to watch as democratic
Spain falls to the fascists
– Emboldens the militaristic
dictators

Abraham Lincoln
Brigade
Appeasing Japan and Germany

FDR’s Quarantine Speech
– “Quarantine aggressive
nations”
– Italy and Japan
– Infuriated isolationists
(WHY?)
– FDR backs off of the idea

Panay Incident
– American gunboat sunk by
Japanese off the coast of
China
– Apology made
– Intensified isolationism

Germany’s
movements
– Remilitarization
– 1936, Reoccupation of
German Rhineland
– 1938, Annexation of
Austria (Anschluss)
– 1938, Demands made
for the Sudetenland
(German-speaking part
of Czechoslovakia)

Munich Conference,
Sept. 1938
– Meeting between Hitler
and European leaders
– “Last of my territorial
demands”
– Neville Chamberlain of GB
– Appeasement - _____
__________________
– 6 months later… _______
_____________________
“Peace in our time”
Hitler’s Belligerency
and U.S. Neutrality

Hitler-Stalin (NaziSoviet) Pact, Aug. 1939
– Non-aggression treaty
– Shocks the world. Why?
– What was the motive on
both sides? _______
____________________
_________________
Sept. 9, 1939 – Hitler
Invades Poland
 Britain and France
declare war on _______

Hitler’s Belligerency
and U.S. Neutrality
Britain and France
need weapons…
 Neutrality Act of
1939

– “Cash and ______
policy”
– Amended previous acts
– U.S. no longer neutral
The Fall of France
June 1940, France falls
England stands alone
U.S. begins building up
its military
 Sept 6, 1940 – first
peacetime draft
 _________ Conference,
1940



– U.S. and Latin America
will uphold Monroe
Doctrine jointly
Bolstering Britain with the
Destroyer Deal (1940)
Battle of Britain
“Fortress America” defensive
position or help Britain?
 Committee to Defend America:


– Favored aid to the allies

America First Committee
– Opposed aid to the allies
(isolationists)

“Bases for Destroyers” deal
– Sept 1940
– Aids the allies, WWI ships

Most Americans favored “all aid
short of war”
FDR’s Third Term
A Landmark Lend-Lease Law

What was it?
– March 1941
– Send supplies to victims of
aggression
 “Billions not _______”


Economic declaration of
war
Officially marked end of
U.S. neutrality
– Germany begins sinking
American ships
Charting a New World

Operation Barbarosa, June
1941
– Hitler invades the Soviet Union
– Violating the
_______________

Atlantic Conference, Aug.
1941
– _________ Charter
– Outlines goals for the post-war
world
– Heavy on self-determination
– Proposal for new L.O.N.
(eventually the U.N.)
Pearl Harbor

Late 1940-194
video
– U.S. enacts embargoes
on Japan and freezes
assets in the U.S.
Infuriates Japanese
 December 7, 1941

– A day “that will live in
infamy”
– 3,000 casualities
Video