Transcript WWII
WWII Isolationist impulse of the 20’s • • • • No League of Nations Return to Normalcy War Debt fiasco Washington Conference 1921 – Disarmament and Open Door in China • Kellogg-Briand Pact (War what is it good for, absolutely nothing) Bye Bye Philippines… • Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934 – Provides for independence of Philippines by 1946 Good Neighbor • 1933 Pan-American conference – US supported a resolution declaring that no nation “has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another.” • Marines withdrew from Nicaragua and Haiti in 1934 – Platt amendment in Cuba ends • Reversal of Wilsonian ideals…FDR seen to be a hero Reciprocal Trade Agreements • If you lower your tariffs we will lower ours – Designed to increase exports • Cordell Hull was Sec of State negotiated 29 deals by 1945. • Radically changed foundations of trade…we were protectionists since Civil War. America values neutrality • Whereas the 20’s was a time of disarmament, the 30’s was a time of militarism – Japan, Italy, German • At home they blamed the war profiteers as merchants of death – The Nye Investigation • Neutrality Acts of 1935, ‘36 and ’37. – Tailored to keep the U.S. out of war-cannot trade w/belligerents – Marked end of “freedom of seas” policy – Calamity in Spain (Spanish Civil War 1936-1939) • Navy was allowed to deteriorate Not everyone is so “Neutral” • Japan invades China in 1933 – Japan then violates all of the agreements they made. – How do we respond? • Italy invades…Ethiopia? – Rise of Fascism • This little guy becomes dictator in Germany – Starts re-arming and ignoring Versailles • Rome, Berlin, Tokyo “Axis” formed in 1937 Formative Assessment Time Can you explain: • • • • • • • “Isolation” in the 20’s Good Neighbor Reciprocal Trade Philippines Nye Neutrality Acts Effect of Neutrality Acts Hitler begins the European War • • • • • Annexation of Austria in 1938 Sudentenland and then Munich Conf in 1938 Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1939 What should America do? Neutrality Act 1939 – “Cash and Carry” begun 1940 was a big year • • • • • Paris Falls Battle of Britain What should we do? Peacetime draft! Election of 3rd term! 1941 • The “Great Arsenal of Democracy” – “Lend-Lease” • President has authority to sell, transfer, exchange, lease, etc. arms or other equipment to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the U.S.” • Republicans and Midwest was against • Hitler was no historian-Invades Russia – “If Hitler invaded hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons” • August, 1941…secret meeting…ssshhhhhh! – Atlantic Charter…kind of like Versailles discussion • Self-determination, freedom of seas, new international system of security Can you recall… • • • • • • • • • Austria 1938 Sudentenland Appeasement Neutrality of 1939 France Battle Of Britain Non-Aggression Pact and what happened Lend-Lease Atlantic Charter Japan had eyes on controlling Pacific/Asia • Washington Conference basically gave them control of the area as the US and GB decided to shrink presence. • Began by invading Manchuria • Then Indochina (Vietnam) • Then Thailand • We tell them to stop! (embargo) • Then it hits the fan…=