Transcript Occupied Japan

World War II
Chapter 16
World War II
Paths to War: Germany & Japan
Section 1
World War II
German Path to War
• Hitler’s Idea: Aryan race & Germany would
become a powerful country (large populations
need more land, right?
– How will Germany acquire more lebensraum?
• Look to the EAST…
• First Steps by Germany:
– 1. Revise Treaty of Versailles by “peaceful” means.
– 2. Built Air Force & military
– 3. Reoccupy the Rhineland (demilitarized area)
– 4. Appeasement – keep things peaceful in Britiain
New Alliances
• Axis Powers
– Italy
– Japan
– Germany
• Hitler wanted to unite with Austria
– Convinced Austria to put Nazis in charge of
government & then Hitler annexed Austria as a
part of Germany
Japanese Path to War
• War with China – Japan wanted to expand into
Chinese lands
• New Asian Order
– Japan wanted to help modernize the rest of Asia
– Acquire Soviet Siberia (rich in resources)
– Cooperated with Nazi Germany in plan to attack
Soviet Union
Course of War
Section 2
World War II
Germany Sparks a New War
• Stalin and Hitler make a deal to reclaim land
taken by Allies (Nonaggression Pact)
• Germany invades Poland, France and Great
Britain declare war on Germany September
1939. (Cannot mobilize troops)
• Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” – new German war
tactic
• Stalin orders Russian troops to invade and
occupy the western part of Poland
France Falls
• Hitler launches an attack through Belgium,
Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (side tracks
France)
• Germans made it through fortifications and
into France, eventually took over Paris.
• France surrendered June 22, 1940.
• French resistance to German occupation set
up a government in London to try to recapture
France.
Battle of Britain
• Winston Churchill – new British Prime Minister
• Bombing Raids by German Luftwaffe (air
force)
• Two Technologies Helped British:
– Radar Detection (# of planes and direction)
– Enigma German code-making machine (to break
code)
• May 1941, Hitler called off attacks in Great
Britain due to strong British resistance.
The Eastern Front
• June 22, 1941 Hitler’s troops invade the Soviet
Union (Russia).
– Soviets not prepared for attack, WHY?
• Soviets still used scorched earth policy (Who had
this defeated before?)
• Germans siege Leningrad – 1 million people died
in siege (Germans starved them to death and
surrender)
• Hitler’s order for no retreat when trying to take
Moscow cost them 500,000 lives when winter
weather set in. (Sound familiar?)
Comprehension Check
• 1. True or False: Hitler’s military tactic he used in
WWII was called the Schlieffen plan.
• 2. True or False: After Hitler invaded Poland, the
United States declared war on Germany.
• 3. True or False: At the beginning of the war, the
United States remained neutral and did not join
the war.
• 4. True or False: Winston Churchill was the Prime
Minister of France.
• 5. True or False: Hitler made a costly mistake of
invading the Soviet Union in 1941.
Japan’s Pacific Campaign
Section 2
World War II
Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941 – Attack on Pearl Harbor
– First attack on American soil = declaration of war
• Japanese Admiral, Isoroku Yamamoto said Pearl
Harbor was a “dagger pointed at [Japan’s] throat”
(a threat) & needs to be destroyed
• U.S. knew attack was eminent, but did not know
where
• In 2 hours, Japanese had sunk 19 ships (8
battleships), 2,300 Americans kiled/1,100
wounded = SHOCK
Pearl Harbor
Allies Strike Back
• Battle of Midway: 1,500 miles west of Hawaii
– Turning Point in War: Japan’s navy defeated
• Douglas McArthur – general of U.S. troops in
the Pacific
– “Island Hopping” – trying to capture Japaneseheld islands
War Limits Civil Rights
• Japanese Internment Camps
– Japanese people were ‘relocated’ to internment camps
throughout the Midwest
– Americans feared Japanese and considered them the
enemy after the attack at Pearl Harbor
Comprehension Check
• Write a journal entry in the perspective of
anyone involved in the Pearl Harbor attacks.
– Describe what you see, hear, smell, feel, touch.
– Be creative!
The Allied Victory
Section 4
World War II
Two Front War
• Battle of Stalingrad: Very similar to the Battle
of Leningrad (same outcome for Germans), it
was VERY costly for Soviets (lost 1 million
soldiers, and 99% of Stalingrad was destroyed)
• Invasion of Italy: Britain and U.S. invaded Italy
to oust Mussolini
– Mussolini arrested, but then placed back in power
by Germans
– Shot and hung in Milan for all to see (humiliation)
Allied Home Fronts
• Americans (women) produced weapons used
in the war; 17-18 million produced war goods
• Factories converted to wartime production
(machine guns to boots)
• Rationing consumer goods (factories
producing less consumer goods)
• Propaganda (to rally people to the war effort)
Victory in Europe
• Dwight D. Eisenhower: general of the U.S. Army,
commander at D-Day invasion
• D-Day: 6/6/1944: Storming the beaches at
Normandy, France; held the beach and marched
into Paris (reclaimed France)
• Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944: 2nd attempt to
defeat Germans = successful
• 5/7/1945 Germany Surrenders!
– Allies converge on Berlin & fire
– Hitler commits suicide; Germany surrenders
– V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day, end of WWII
Victory in the Pacific
• Atomic Bomb – Manhattan Project
– Page 512 of textbook
– Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
– Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
• Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945.
• The U.S. would occupy Japan and help rebuild
the war-torn country.
• Peace was official negotiated in 1951.
Comprehension Check
• 1. True or False: Japanese-Americans were moved
to internment camps during WWII.
• 2. What does V-E Day stand for?
• 3. True or False: Dwight D. Eisenhower was the
U.S. general for troops during D-Day.
• 4. True or False: The Allied troops were
unsuccessful in reclaiming France from the
Germans.
• 5. True or False: The United States dropped three
atomic bombs on Japan in 1945.
Europe and Japan in Ruins
Section 5
World War II
Devastation in Europe
• 40 million Europeans died (2/3 civilians)
• 100s of cities destroyed because of bombings
• Famine because devastation to transportation
systems and cities = food could not reach the
citizens
Postwar Governments & Politics
• Shift to Communism in countries like France
and Italy.
• Nuremberg Trials: War Crimes Court
– 22 Nazi leaders accused of waging a war or
aggression and committing crimes against
humanity (murder of 11 million people)
Postwar Japan
• Occupied Japan: General MacArthur was in
charged of the U.S. occupation of Japan.
– Wanted to be fair, not cause resentment, and
cause no future wars with Japan
– Demilitarization of Japanese armed forces
– War criminals on trial (condemned to hang)
– Created a new Japanese constitution that formed
a democratic government
Comprehension Check
• 1. True or False: MacArthur was the U.S. general
who led the occupation of Japan.
• 2. True or False: After WWII, governments did
NOT change from Fascism.
• 3. True or False: The Nuremberg trials tried Nazi
war criminals for crimes against humanity.
• 4. True or False: Peace was finally negotiated with
Japan in 1951.
• 5. True or False: Japan became a democracy after
U.S. occupation.
The Holocaust
Section 3
World War II
Holocaust Begins
• “Night of Broken Glass”
– 17 y.o. Herschel Grynszpan, Jew from Germany visiting
uncle in Paris, shot a German diplomat in Paris over
the deportation of his father
– After this incident, violent attacks on Jewish
communities by Germans (Nazis attacked)
• Jewish refugees flood into other countries to
protect themselves and families
• Ghettos – isolation of Jews in own communities
“Final Solution”
• Genocide
• Concentration
Camps
Jews Killed Under Nazi Rule
Original
Population
Jews Killed
Percent
Surviving
Poland
3,300,000
2,800,000
15%
Soviet
Union
2,100,000
1,500,000
29%
Hungary
404,000
200,000
49%
Romania
850,000
425,000
50%
Germany/A
ustria
270,000
210,000
22%
Comprehension Check
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