Transcript World War II

World War II
Chapter 26
Section 1: Road to War
During the 1920’s, Adolf Hitler
became very popular in Germany,
appealing to people’s anger and
suffering.
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
“He who wants to live must fight,
and he who does not want to fight in
this world, where eternal struggle is
the law of life, has no right to exist.”
Adolf Hitler
One Vote Changed History
Hitler promised a better life,
describing a glorious future to
people humiliated by losing the
war. Once Hitler gained political
power, he became a dictator, a
person who controls their nation by
force.
Benito Mussolini
Like Germans, Italians felt they had
been wronged by the Treaty of
Versailles. Mussolini made fascismextreme nationalism and racismpopular in Italy.
In 1936, Mussolini sends troops to
invade Ethiopia. The Ethiopian
emperor, Haile Selassie begged the
League of Nations of help. The
League responded by banning
trade in weapons and certain other
materials to Italy.
Reflect for a moment…
Why do you think Mussolini would
invade and take over an African
country?
Japan
As European states are angry with
their government’s ability to
stabilize the economy, Japan
became frustrated with their
government as well. Japan’s
military leaders rose to power and
invaded Manchuria in September
1931.
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin became the leader of
the Soviet Union during the late
1920’s until March 5, 1953. He has
the record of being the most
murderous and and powerful
dictator in human history.
Hitler’s Agenda of Domination
 March 1936 Rhineland
 March 1938 Austria
 September 1938 Munich Conference
 March 1939
Sudentenland/Czechoslovakia
 August 1939 Soviet-German Non-
Aggression Pact
 Hitler established a totalitarian form of
government in Germany, executing
anyone he suspected of disloyalty or
treason.
Pictoword
Appeasement- policy used by
European leaders to avoid another
war with Germany by giving Hitler
what he asked for. Create a
pictoword that would describe,
“appeasement.” For example,
esclation
Section 2: War Begins
September 1, 1939 Hitler sent his
troops into Poland, two days later,
Britain and France declare war on
Germany, World War II had begun.
The War Expands
Preparing to defend themselves
against Germany, Britain and
France build heavy fortifications
along France’s eastern border
called the Maginot Line.
Allied Nations
Great Britain
France
U.S.
China
Soviet Union-after Hitler breaks his
non-aggression pact with Stalin
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
1940 Election Reflection
FDR wins a third term as President,
breaking the tradition set by George
Washington for serving two terms
only. He promised, “Your boys are not
going to be sent into any foreign
wars.” How does he break his promise
after the election? Should he have kept
it? Why or why not?
Sunday, December 7, 1941
7:55 A.M. Japanese kamikaze
pilots, and subs attacked Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii where 8 battleships
were sunk or damaged, 350 planes
destroyed, and 2,402 Americans
were killed. Half of those were on
the USS Arizona.
Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight?
 FDR asked Congress to declare war on
Japan, the Axis Powers then declare war
on the U.S. for declaring war on Japan,
then Congress also declares war on
Germany and Italy. Who should be
fighting, the leaders who declare war or
the citizens of that country? Explain.
Section 3 On the Home Front
For the first time, women served in
the military in clerical jobs or
nurses. About 250,000 women
served in the WAC (Women’s Army
Corps) and WAVES Women
Appointed for Volunteer
Emergency Service in the Navy).
Rosie the Riveter
Propaganda
poster that
encouraged
women to take
factory jobs
African Americans During the War
 About one million African
American men and
women served in armed
forces during the war.
Most units were
segregated at first but
leaders begin to integrate
so that by 1942 the Army
is training Whites and
African Americans
together in officer
candidate school.
 The Tuskegee
Airmen or the
332nd Fighter
Group are
credited with
shooting down
more than 200
enemy planes.
Tuskegee Airmen Goals
 Aim High
 Believe in Yourself
 Use Your Brain
 Never Quit
 Be Ready to Go
 Expect to Win
A United Cause
 Native Americans are
remembered for their
service, especially at Iwo
Jima where a special group
of Navajo formed known
as, “code talkers.”
Because the Japanese
were not familiar with the
Navajo language, they
were never able to
decipher their messages.
 Hispanic Americans also
served in the armed forces.
Because of the need for
war time labor, the U. S.
recruited thousands of
farm and railroad workers
from Mexico. Twelve
Mexican Americans
received the highest
military medal, The Medal
of Honor for their service.
Financing the war efforts
The Revenue Act of 1942-taxes
income
Borrowed money by selling war
bonds
Corporate taxes
Citizens Sacrificing for the Cause
Family members leaving home to
serve in the military all over the
world.
Shortages at home to supply our
military caused the gov’t to ration
certain items such as gas, shoes,
tires, meat and sugar.
Reflection
Write in your journal three
reasons for what you think
created the spirit of unity in the
U.S. during this time?
Section 4 War in Europe and Africa
 Allied troops were successful in the
North African campaign to remove the
Germans by November 1942 preventing
the Germans from capturing and
controlling the Suez Canal.
Focus turns to Italy and Germany
 Once regained, the Allied Forces can now use North
Africa to set up bases in order to plan military
attacks against southern Europe. By June 1944,
Rome is liberated.
 Air raids had begun as early as the summer of 1942
over Germany. American bombers are destroying
factories and cities daily.
 Although 30,000 Germans had died,
they would not surrender. Why do you
think the Germans kept fighting?
View of Hamburg, Germany
V.E. Day
 By mid-April 1945 the
Soviets had surrounded
Berlin. Hitler had taken
shelter in an
underground bunker
finally realized he had
lost, committed suicide
on April 30th. Germany
signed an
unconditional
surrender on May 7th.
Allies declare May 8th
Victory in Europe.
Death of FDR
 Roosevelt does not live to see the surrender of Germany.
He had gone to Warm Springs, Georgia to a hot springs
treatment center when he suddenly died on April 12, 1945.
 Vice President Harry Truman is sworn in as the new
President.
The Holocaust
 As Allies liberated people who had
been under German control they
discovered evidence of Nazi
brutality. German leaders
had developed a plan
called the final solution
to the Jewish question
by using genocide, or
the killing of a group of
people based on their
ethnicity.
Section 5 War in the Pacific
 Island Hopping
Campaign was used by
General Douglas
MacArthur and Admiral
Chester Nimitz
regained islands the
Japanese had captured
in the Pacific region.
They used these islands
as bases to help their
advances against the
Japanese.
General MacArthur
commander of Allied
forces in the Pacific
Admiral Nimitz
The Atomic Bomb
 Manhattan Project-top
secret government
project to develop the
first atomic bomb.
 Harry Truman warns
the Japanese if they did
not surrender they
would face, “prompt
and utter destruction.”
 Japan refused to
surrender so Truman
ordered the bomb to be
used.
 August 6, 1945 an
American bomber, the
Enola Gay, dropped the
first atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, three days
later another bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki.
Hiroshima before and after
V. J. Day
 After the bombings, Japan surrendered.
 August 15, 1945 declared Victory over Japan or V.J.Day
 Formal terms of surrender were signed on the USS Missouri (Harry
Truman’s home state)
 First ever trials for war crimes were held
in Nuremberg for the Nazis and in Tokyo
for the Japanese against officers who
were held responsible for crimes against
humanity.
Reflection
 Why do you think the Allied states put
military officers on trial for war crimes instead
of punishing the country and it’s leaders like
they did after WWI?