Transcript SS5H6 The student will explain the reasons for America`s

SS5H6 The student will explain the reasons
for America’s involvement in World War II.
a.
Describe Germany’s aggression in Europe and Japan’s aggression in
Asia.
b. Describe major events in the war in both Europe and the Pacific;
include Pearl Harbor, Iwo Jima, D-Day, VE and VJ Days, and the
Holocaust.
c. Discuss President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
d. Identify Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill, Hirohito, Truman, Mussolini,
and Hitler.
e. Describe the effects of rationing and the changing role of women
and African Americans; include “Rosie the Riveter’ and the Tuskegee
Airmen.
f. Explain the U.S. role in the formation of the United Nations.
Build on What You Know
• Can you tell when a storm is coming? The wind is
strong, the sky turns dark, and you hear thunder far
away. In the 1930’s, many people saw war coming
like storm in the distance.
Vocabulary
• Dictator- a ruler who has total
control of a country and its
people.
• Holocaust- the killing of
approximately 6 million Jews
during WWII.
• Concentration Camps- a place
where large numbers of people
are held prisoner and forced to
work.
• D-Day- the day the Allied forces
launched the largest sea attack
in history.
• V-E Day- victory in Europe Day
• Kamikaze- means divine wind
and was the Japanese way of
fighting
• Island hopping-when the Allies
skipped over some islands
guarded by the Japanese and
captured others.
• V-J Day- victory over Japan Day
• Rosie the Riveter-nickname
given to the many women who
worked in jobs that only men
had held before.
Pre-WWII
• Germany lost WWI and, like the U.S.,
suffered an economic depression.
• Germans wanted a strong leader.
• They elected the Nazi Party to power in 1932
and Hitler became dictator in March of
1933.
• Hitler blamed the problems of Germany on
innocent people.
• He said “true” or “Aryan” Germans were the
smartest and most powerful people and
would soon rule the world.
• Germans supported the Nazi Party because
they believed Hitler would make Germany
powerful again.
World War II Begins
• In 1937, Japan invaded China.
• In 1939, Germany invaded Poland and then
Czechoslovakia.
• Hitler and Joseph Stalin(leader of Soviet Union),
signed a secret treaty saying that the Soviet Union
and Germany would not attack one another.
• The Soviet Union broke its promise and the Soviet
Union joined in the fight.
• France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union joined
together and called themselves the Allied powers.
• Germany, Italy, and Japan joined together and
called themselves the Axis powers.
Alliances
Allied Powers
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Axis Powers
France
Great Britain-Winston Churchill
Soviet Union-Joseph Stalin
United States-Franklin
Roosevelt
• Churchill
Stalin
Roosevelt
• Japan-Hirohito
• Italy-Benito Mussolini
• Germany-Adolf Hitler
• Hitler
Hirohito
Mussolini
America Enters the War
• Japan knew that the U.S. Navy was the only one
strong enough to stop Japan.
• On December 7, 1941 the Japanese bombed the
American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
• After the attacks, the U.S. declared war on Japan
and joined the Allies.
• WWII ended the Great Depression
• Many women worked in factories making tools
for the war.
• The government rationed goods. Almost no one
had chocolate or new clothes and butter, sugar,
and meat were in short supply.
• Many Americans grew their own fruits and
vegetables in victory gardens to have fresh food
to eat.
The War at Home
• While U.S. soldiers were away fighting in Europe
and the Pacific, citizens at home did their part to
support the war effort.
• Citizens began looking for ways to conserve goods
so that more could go to the soldiers.
• People planted victory gardens in which they raised
their own vegetables.
• Citizens collected rubber, copper, steel, and other
goods to be recycled.
• The government rationed how much citizens could
buy which forced people to conserve certain goods.
The Holocaust
• In Germany and in the countries it defeated, Hitler
took away the rights of all Jews.
• In 1938, thousands of Jews were sent to concentration
camps.
• Soon, Hitler’s Nazi government began killing Jews,
gypsies, and the disabled.
• These people tried to hide, but they were usually
found. These events were known as the Holocaust.
• These groups of people, as well as people who tried to
help them, were sent to concentration camps in
Germany, Poland, and other Nazi territories.
• People at these camps were gassed, shot, hanged, or
worked and starved to death. Many died of diseases.
• Almost 6 million Jews and 5 million other civilians
were killed by the Nazis in the Holocaust.
D-Day
• On June 6, 1944, Allied forces launched the
largest sea attack in history.
• 160,000 soldiers landed on the beaches of
Normandy, France which became known as DDay.
• American General Dwight Eisenhower led the
surprise attack.
• The Allied forces fought the Nazis throughout
Europe.
• The war in Europe ended in May 1945. V-E
Day(Victory in Europe Day) was May 7, 1945.
• The Nazis surrendered and Hitler killed himself
so that he would not be captured.
• Because of their role in the Holocaust, 10
German leaders were hanged and 7 given
prison sentences.
The War in the Pacific
• Like the Nazi’s, the Japanese militarists believed the Japanese
were the best, smartest, and strongest.
• Emperor Hirohito was the Japanese leader and the Japanese
people thought he was a god.
• When fighting, the Japanese would crash their warplanes into
Allied ships in kamikaze attacks.
• U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz led the Allied navy in the Pacific.
• He fought the Japanese by island hopping.
• One of the fiercest battles occurred on the island of Iwo Jima. It
took more than 100,000 soldiers nearly a month to defeat a
Japanese force of 25,000. Japanese soldiers believed it was
more honorable to die than to surrender.
• General Douglas MacArthur was the Supreme Commander of
the Southwest Pacific. Under his command, the Allies took back
the Philippines.
• The Japanese were losing, but they would not surrender.
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In April 1945, President Roosevelt died.
He was the only president to be elected to 4 terms.
Vice President Harry S. Truman became president.
To end the war, Truman decided to drop the first
atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb because
the Japanese would not agree to an unconditional
surrender. (Allies would set all the rules for Japan’s
surrender)
It killed about 140,000 people, mostly civilians.
The Japanese did not believe we had another atomic
bomb and refused to surrender.
Three days later, a second atomic bomb was dropped
on Nagasaki, Japan. It killed a total of 75,000 civilians.
On September 2, 1945, the Japanese formally
surrendered and this day became known as V-J day
(Victory over Japan Day)
World War II Deaths
Red=military deaths(millions)
Orange=civilian death(millions)
Changing Roles in Society
• Many middle-class women did not have jobs before
the war.
• They were expected to stay at home and raise families.
• During the war, middle-class women took all sorts of
jobs.
• The nickname “Rosie the Riveter” was given to the
many women who worked in jobs that only men had
held before.
• After the war, many of these women wanted to keep
their jobs.
• They found satisfaction in working outside the home.
• Soldiers coming home from the war took back their jobs.
• Women then found jobs as teachers, nurses, and other
work more open to women.
• Today, women make up half the workforce.
Changing Roles in Society
• The Tuskegee Airmen were African
American pilots who fought in
World War II.
• They were the first African
American pilots in the U.S. military.
• In 1941, Congress had to force the
segregated military to allow African
Americans to fly airplanes.
United Nations
• The “United Nations” began
on October 24, 1945 and it
was led by the U.S. and its
Allies.
• The United Nations was a
group of nations that came
together to insure that a war
like World War II never
happened again.
• Today, the United Nations is
involved in negotiating peace
and war around the globe.