Transcript Chapter 17

The number of volunteers for service was
not enough
 Expanded the draft
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Army Chief of Staff General
 Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps
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› WAAC
› Women could serve in non combat positions
› Became a law in 1942
› This would give women an official salary
› Would work as nurses, ambulance drivers,
radio operators, electricians and pilots
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Dilemmas for African Americans, Native
Americans, Mexican Americans, and
Asian Americans
› They would live and work in segregated units
 Their units were mostly noncombat units
1942 the last automobile rolled off the
assembly line
 Many factories would be converted to
wartime production
 Factories will be reopen with the tools
needed to produce military products
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Planes
Tanks
Boats
Command Cars
Industrialist
 Built massive shipyards
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› Seven shipyards
› Would build cargo carriers, tankers, troop
transportation, and “baby” aircraft carriers
6 million women were in the workforce
 Women were earning 60% as much as
men, and were doing the same jobs
 At first factories were reluctant to hire
women
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› They felt that the women lacked the
necessary stamina for factory work
“Rosie the Riveter” was the image that
was used at this time to encourage
women to join the workforce
 Women started to take up non
traditional jobs such as:
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› Welding
› Machinist
› Construction
› Bus and truck driving
Having troubles being hired
 If they were being hired they were being
hired for menial jobs
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Most respected African-American labor
leader
 President and founder of Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters
 Protested the discrimination by the
military and the industries
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1941- Office of Scientific Research and
Development
› Roosevelt
› OSRD
› This was to help bring scientist into the war effort
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They will improve
› Sonar and Radar
› DDT to fight off insects
› Miracle drugs
› Atomic Bomb
 Manhattan Project
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Office of Price Administration
› Demand increasing and supply decreasing
 Prices could increase.
› Fought inflation by freezing prices on most
goods
Congress raised income tax rates and
extended taxes to millions that had
never paid it before
 This was to encourage people to buy
war bonds
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War Production Board
 Was to ensure that the armed forces and
war industries received the resources
they needed to win the war
 They decided which companies would
convert to wartime production
 Organized nationwide drives
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Establishing fixed allotments of goods
deemed essential for the military
 Households would get rationing books
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› Coupons- used when buying scarce items
› Gas was hard to ration in the Western cities
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Churchill said that Hitler was posing a
greater threat then the Japanese
› Once they had gained the upper hand in
Europe they would then send the troops to
the Pacific
Allied invasion of Axis controlled North
Africa
 Commanded by General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
 Surrender May 1943
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Took place before the Battle of North Africa
 A meeting
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› Roosevelt and Churchill
› Agreed to accept only the unconditional
surrender of the Axis power
 Have to accept their terms
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They also discussed where they were going
to attack next
› Went to Italy
 They captured Sicily
With the capture of Sicily, the Italian
government forced Mussolini to resign
 Hitler wanted to stop the Allies from
advancing any further
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› Fought 40 miles from Rome
› Bloody Anzio
› Hardest battle for the allies
› Lasted 4 months
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Italy would not be freed until Germany
collapses
Allied troops pressed eastward into
Germany
 Soviet Union pressed
westward into Poland
 Soviets were the first to
come across the death
camps
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1945- Hitler makes his last address
 A week after Hitler killed himself General
Eisenhower will accept the unconditional
surrender of the Third Reich
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› May 8,1945
› Victory in Europe Day
› War was over in Europe
Roosevelt will not live to see V-E Day
 Harry S. Truman is now the 33rd president
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1942- Allies take the offensive
 Stormed Guadalcanal
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› Japanese first defeat on land
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Kamikaze
› Suicide-planes
› Japanese pilots crash their bomb-laden
planes into allied ships
Taking Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened
way to invade Japan
 No more invasion
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› Truman wanted to use a new more powerful
weapon
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
› Developer of the Atomic Bomb
Best kept secret of the war
 Truman told the Japanese that they
would be faced with prompt and utter
destruction, unless they surrender at
once
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Hiroshima
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B-29
Enola Gay
Little Boy
43 seconds everything was gone
Nagasaki
› 3 days later Fat Man was dropped
› Left half of the city
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U.S Battleship Missouri
› Formal surrender ceremonies
› Tokyo Bay
Deciding the fate of Germany and post
world war
 Germany will be divided into 4
temporary zones
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American
British
French
Soviet Union
Stalin promised free and unfiltered
elections in Poland and other Sovietoccupied countries
Stalin agreed to join the war against
Japan
 Stalin wanted very harsh punishments for
Germany
 There were many compromises made
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24 surviving Nazi Leaders were put on
trial for crimes against humanity, peace
and war crimes.
› Discovery of the concentration camps
› Will include Hitler's most trusted party officials,
government ministers, military leaders, and
powerful industrialist
Under General MacArthur's
occupation
 Will work to transform the Japanese
government
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› Made a new constitution
 MacArthur Constitution
WWII provided a time of opportunity
 U.S emerged as the world’s dominate
economic and military power
 Unemployment fell to as low as 1.2%
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› Many women will lose their jobs once the
war ends
 35% of women worked during WWII
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Mass migration is going to be happening
› Moving to where war production is
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Mothers have been raising children on
their own
› An adjustment for families when the men
came back
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GI Bill of Rights
› Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
› Way to ease transition of returning
servicemen to civilian life
› Provided education and training
Prejudices
 LA exploded in anti-Mexican riots
 Zoot-Suits
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› A style of suit adopted by the Mexican
American youth as a symbol of their rebellion
against tradition
 Long jacket and pleated pants
 Broad-brimmed hats
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1943
› 11 sailors reported that they had been
attacked by zoot-suit Mexican Americans
1942 War department called for a
massive evacuation of all Japanese
Americans in Hawaii
 Roosevelt will sign an order requiring the
removal of all the people with Japanese
ancestry be removed from
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› California
› Washington
› Oregon
› Arizona
JACL
 Pushed government to compensate
those sent to the camps for their lost
property
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