Transcript WWII - D-Day and the Bomb - Tate County School District

WORLD WAR II
Allied Powers
United States, Great Britain,
France, USSR/Soviet Union
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
TWO-FRONT WAR
US had to fight in two places: Europe
and the Pacific Ocean
Europe
Big Enemies:
1. Hitler and the Nazis
2. Mussolini and the Italians
Pacific
Big Enemy:
Prime Minister Tojo and the
Japanese
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES
1. Analyze how the United
States and the Allies went
about defeating two different
enemies in two different places
during World War II.
2. Analyze the outcomes of
World War II.
ALLIES’ GOAL IN EUROPE:
Defeat Hitler and the Nazis, free
France from the Germans
ALLIES’ GOAL IN EUROPE:
Defeat Hitler and the Nazis, free
France from the Germans
How will we do this???
D-DAY:
OPERATION OVERLORD
The US and the Allies decide to
invade France in the largest
amphibious (sea) invasion in the
history of the world
D-DAY-June 5, 1944
OPERATION OVERLORD
Between combined Allied
forces nearly 156,000 troops on
or supported by nearly 4,000
ships crossed the English
Channel landing the troops on
five beaches in Normandy.
The beaches were stormed early that
morning supported by about 23,000
airborne troops that had already
landed behind enemy lines or getting
ready to land in support of the beach
assault.
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
Supreme Commander of the Allied
forces at Normandy for Operation
Overlord
D-DAY
OPERATION OVERLORD
12,000 CASUALTIES
(killed/wounded)
Allied victory in Europe
The Allies pinched the Nazi army in the middle of Europe, the
American and British forces coming from the West and USSR (Soviet
Union) coming from the East.
Nazis are defeated
Hitler killed himself in an underground bunker
Two down…
one to go
Japan
Italians are defeated
Mussolini was executed by a firing squad
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
JULY 1945
T he Big T hr ee
1 . H a r r y Tr u m a n ( U n i t e d S t a t e s )
2. Clement Atlee (Great Britain)
3 . Jo s e p h S t a l i n ( U S S R / S ov i e t
Union)
Leaders of the US, Britain and
USSR all met to decide what to do
about the defeated Nazis and wartorn Europe, and what to do about
Japan.
They decided…
1. Nazi leaders had to stand trial
for war crimes.
2. Japan must surrender
unconditionally. This was called
the Potsdam Declaration.
POTSDAM DECLARATION
President Har r y Tr uman
The US demanded the
unconditional surrender of
Japan, or it would face
“prompt and utter
destruction.”
This was an ultimatum: if you
don’t obey, it’s over with…
US ATOMIC BOMB PLANS
The Manhattan Project
Manhattan Project
• The US had been secretly
building atomic weapons in
a program known as the
Manhattan Project.
• It was led by a scientist
named Robert
Oppenheimer
Rober t Oppenheimer
JAPANESE BUSHIDO CODE
According to Japanese tradition
under the Bushido Code, it was
sinful and not allowed for a
Japanese warrior to surrender
under any circumstances.
This came from ancient Samurai
tradition.
They would kill themselves
instead of surrendering. They
could not bear the shame of
defeat.
JAPANESE BUSHIDO CODE
Do you think Japan surrendered
and gave in to the Potsdam
Declaration’s ultimatum?...
JAPAN WILL FIGHT
UNTIL THE END
Japan is willing to fight to the
bitter end as an underdog.
Surrender is not an option for
Japan.
AMERICAN RESPONSE
The US dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
HIROSHIMA AND
NAGASAKI
HIROSHIMA AND
NAGASAKI
TRUMAN’S DILEMMA
President Har r y Tr uman
Why would President
Truman use the bomb on
these two Japanese cities,
which resulted in the
deaths of so many noncombatant Japanese
citizens?
SAVING LIVES BY
USING THE BOMB
Non-combatants were dying
throughout Asia at the rate of
200,000 per month.
A naval blockade of Japan would
have resulted in hundreds of
thousands of deaths due to
malnutrition, dehydration, and
famine.
The atomic bomb saved thousands
of American soldier’s lives
(because they didn’t have to
invade the Japanese island)
INVADING JAPAN?
If America did invade Japan, many
Americans would have died.
Secretary of State James
Byrnes claimed 500,000 US
soldiers would have died.
THE JAPANESE
SURRENDER
The Japanese
surrendered on
September 2, 1945.
Japan agreed to a
ceasefire and the
release of POW’s.
RESULTS OF WORLD WAR II
Mar shall Plan
United Nations
• US sends aid to Europe to help
them rebuild the continent.
• US wants to help out European
countries before the USSR gets
to. US doesn’t want those
countries to accept communism
as their political system.
• International organization
designed to prevent global
conflict.
• This was the replacement for the
League of Nations after WWI.
• This time around, the US would
join the United Nations instead
of staying out like they did with
the League of Nations.
RESULTS OF WORLD WAR II
GI Bill
Gave loans to returning WWII
veterans so they could…
1. Go to college
2. Get other job training
3. Buy homes
4. Start businesses or farms