Transcript IV- U.S. at War

IV- U.S. at War
A. Lend- Lease Act
1. Pres. Roosevelt wanted to support Allies
a. Neutrality Act blocked him
b. Compromised w/cash + carry policy w/Britain
1) Buy now, pay now
c. Britain ran out of money
1) Lend- Lease Act- loans money and supplies
a) Extend to China and Soviet Union
B. Military Expansion
1.Peacetime draft
2.Tuskegee Airmen- Army Air Corps
African American unit p.809
C. Japan & the U.S.
1. In 1941 Japan invades French colonies in
Indochina (modern day Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia)
a. U.S. banned American iron, steel, and oil to
Japan
1) Facing desperation, Japan plans an attack
D. Pearl Harbor
1.Dec 7 1941 Japanese fighters launch surprise
attack on Hawaiian Island of Oahu
2.President Roosevelt- Dec 7 1941, A date which will
live in infamy
a. U.S. declares war
E. Global Conflict
1. Alliances come into play
a. U.S. declares war on Japan
b. Germany + Italy declare war on U.S.
c. U.S. declares war on all “Axis” powers (6 others)
d. Allies= France, Britain, Soviet Union, U.S., China,
and 45 others
F. Europe and North Africa
1. Most of Europe is under Nazi control by
1942
2. Soviet resistance at Stalingrad
a. German troops hurt by harsh winter+ lack of
supplies
1) Hitler orders fighting until death
2. Soldiers forced to abandon hope of victory and
surrender
3. North Africa
a. German general Rommel won many swift
victories
b. In 1942 British troops scored a victory at El
Alamein
c. 1st American troops land and occupy Morocco+
Algeria
d. Allies pin Rommel and force surrender in 1943
G. Japan + the Pacific
1. The Philippines Fall
a. Following Pearl Harbor the Japanese launch air
raid on U.S. forces in the Philippines
b. U.S. troops forced to retreat and were
trapped on peninsula of Bataan
1. forced to surrender
2. Bataan death march
a. Japanese capture 70,000 troops
1. forced to walk 65 miles to prison camp
2. many already weak & starving soldiers die
on the way
H. Coral Sea & Midway
1. 1942 Coral Sea naval battle
a. 1st time two ships fight without visual contact
b. launched planes from carriers that carried out
fighting
c. both sides suffer heavy losses in U.S. victory
2. Midway
a. Japanese want to take island of Midway (U.S.
base)
b. Americans sank 4 aircraft carriers, 322 planes
and reduce supply of skilled Japanese pilots
1. U.S. Navy now controls the Pacific