Transcript Chapter Seventeen Power Point

CHAPTER 17:
THE UNITED
STATES IN
WORLD WAR
HOW CAN YOU CONNECT THIS TO WWII
SOLDIERS?
MOBOLIZING FOR
DEFENSE: SECTION ONE
AMERICANS JOIN THE WAR EFFORT
• After Pearl Harbor, eager Americans rushed to recruiting
offices
• Selective Service Act drafted fifteen million for a two-front
war; trained for eight weeks
• General George C. Marshall and the Women’s Auxiliary
Corps (WAAC)*
• Many ethnicities question the value of this war due to the
following reasons*
• Despite problems, 300,000 Mexican Americans, one
million African Americans, 46,000 Asian Americans, 25,000
Native Americans serve
MOBOLIZING FOR
DEFENSE
A PRODUCTION
MIRACLE
• Nations car factories,
now, build tanks,
planes, boats, and
command cars
• Other factories
followed suit
• Shipyards and
defense plants
grow—built a Liberty
ship in four days
• Six million women
join workforce—
bosses reluctant*
MOBOLIZING FOR
DEFENSE
•
•
•
•
Women still earning
less than men
Two million minority
workers; not hired at
first
A. Phillip Randolph*
Negotiates with
FDR—Randolph
promises to cancel
march and Roosevelt
issues an executive
order on equality
MOBOLIZING FOR
DEFENSE
• Scientists are hired improved radar and sonar; use DDT
as a bug repellant; used penicillin for pain relief
• Begin work on the atomic bomb due to secret revealed by
Einstein*
• Manhattan Project*
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL
• Office of Price Administration*
• Govt. raised taxes to prevent people from buying scarce
goods
• Encouraged Americans to buy war bonds
• War Production Board*
MOBOLIZING FOR
DEFENSE
•
Organized
drives to collect
scrap iron, tin
cans, paper,
rags, and
cooking fat
•
Rationing*
•
Meat, milk,
shoes, sugar,
and coffee are
most popular
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA:
SECTION TWO
THE UNITED STATES AND BRITAIN JOIN FORCES
• Churchill meets with Roosevelt in D.C.; takes three weeks;
convinces Roosevelt that Germany and Italy are big threat
• Helps to make a solid friendship
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
• 1942 Hitler orders subs to attack ships on American east
coast
• Two purposes*
• 681 Allied ships lost—we use the convoy system*
• Also, mass produced more ships than they could sink;
ends mid 1943
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
THE BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD
• Soviet Union invaded
since 1941
• Summer of 1942—
Hitler wants an
industrial center
called Stalingrad
• Luftwaffe nightly
bombs—nearly every
wooden building in
flames
• Soviet officers idea
and Stalin’s
response*
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
• Germans begin taking over homes with hand-to-hand
combat
• End of Sept. they control most of city, but winter sets in
• Soviets use two strong forms of defense*
• Hitler refuses to give up; German commander ends up
surrendering
• Soviets lose 1,100,000 soldiers, but this is a turning point*
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT
• During Stalingrad, Stalin asks Allies to open up a second
front in Western Europe
• Instead, send Dwight Eisenhower to North Africa*
• Chased the Afrika Corps and Erwin Rommel from Nov. 42’
to May 43’surrendered
THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN
• Stalin and Churchill meet again and agree to unconditional
surrender*
• Have a quick take over of Sicily; Mussolini forced to resign
and is arrested; Hitler puts up strong resistance until 45’
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
D-DAY
• Eisenhower leads
Operation Overlord
• Eisenhower sets up a
ghost army and a
fake message—sets
up in Calais to fake
Germans out
• Hitler orders a large
army there
• Canadian, British,
and American troops
land on Normandy
• D-Day*
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
• After seven days of gruesome battle, the Allies held 80
miles of beachfront
• Omar Bradley*
• George Patton*
• Sept. 44’ France is liberated after four years; helps to reelect Roosevelt for a fourth term with Truman as VP
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
• After the American take-over of its first German city, Hitler
orders a last-ditch offensive
• Under the cover of fog, German forces able to break weak
American defenses along 80 mile front
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTH AFRICA
•
Battle of the Bulge*
•
Battle lasts for a month
•
Not much changes
except for the fact that
the Germans could not
replace the loss of
120,000 troops, 600
tanks and assault guns,
and 1,600 planes
•
Allied troops are
pushing from east,
west, and south
•
Concentration camps
liberated pg. 576
THE WAR FOR EUROPE
AND NORTHERN AFRICA
• April 25th, 1945 Soviets are closing in on Berlin
• April 29th Hitler creates a final address*
• The suicide
• V-E Day*
• Harry S. Truman*
THE WAR IN THE
PACIFIC: SECTION THREE
THE ALLIES STEM THE JAPANESE TIDE
• Japan had conquered Hong Kong, French Indochina,
Malaya, Burma, Thailand, Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake
Island, the Solomon Islands, and most of China
• In the Philippines, American forces are being overran
FDR orders MacArthur to leave*
• General Doolittle bombed Tokyo—lifts spirits of Americans
• Battle of the Coral Sea*
• Chester Nimitz and The Battle of Midway*
• This led to “island hopping” to get closer to the mainland
THE WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
THE ALLIES GO ON THE
OFFENSIVE
•
19,000 troops storm
Guadalcanal; Japanese left
after six months; Japan’s first
defeat on land
•
178,000 troops land on the
Gulf of Leyte in Philippines
with General MacArthur
•
Japanese use kamikazes*
•
Despite loss of our ships, in
three days, they lost three
battleships, four aircraft
carriers, thirteen cruisers, and
500 planes
THE WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
•
•
•
•
Iwo Jima, “the
sulfur island”
important to U.S.*
6,000 marines die
and only 200
Japanese survive
Next move is
Okinawa—face
kamikazes
Lasts several
months—heavy
casualties for U.S.,
more so for Japan
THE WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
THE ATOMIC BOMB ENDS THE WAR
•
J. Robert Oppenhiemer*
•
600,000 working on it and few knew its purpose
•
Tested one in desert area of New Mexico
•
Truman warned Japan on July 25th to surrender
•
Hiroshima*
•
Nagasaki*
•
September 2nd, 1945Japan surrenders
THE WAR IN THE
PACIFIC
REBUILDING BEGINS
• Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill meet in Feb. 1945 in Yalta
• All agree to divide Germany into four zones for the British,
French, Americans, and Soviets
• Stalin promises free elections in Poland and other Eastern
countries
• Promises to help fight against Japan and joins the UN
• Nuremberg trials*
• 12 of 24 sentenced to death; other 12 get prison time
• Japan becomes occupied by MacArthur to rebuild
economy over seven years; Tojo with seven others are
sentenced to death
THE HOME FRONT:
SECTION FOUR
OPPORTUNITY AND ADJUSTMENT
• End of WWII, U.S. became world’s most dominant
economic and military power
• During war years, unemployment fell, wages had risen,
and people saved money
• Farmers had good weather for production and new
fertilizers and equipment led to farm income tripling
• Many worked in defense plants; were paid more than
traditional jobs
• Towns with defense industries saw increase; African
Americans move from South to North
THE HOME FRONT
• Mothers faced having to raise children on own with fathers
away
• While at work, neighbors or child-care took care of kids—
led to delinquency
• Marriages increased as people rushed to do this before
the war
• GI Bill*
DISCRIMINATION AND REACTION
• James Farmer and Congress of Racial Equality*
• Racial tensions began to build example would be Detroit
THE HOME FRONT
•
Summer 1943—some
Mexican American youth
chose to wear “zoot
suits”*
•
11 sailors reported they
were attacked by youth
in zoot suits
•
Civilians and servicemen
filed into Mexican
neighborhoods and
started beating them for
a week
INTERNMENT OF
JAPANESE AMERICANS
•
Fear and uncertainty
after Pearl Harbor
causes prejudice
THE HOME FRONT
•
•
•
Early 42’ some of the
population of Hawaii
sent to internment*
In CA, one percent of
pop. was Japanese
and newspapers
began to develop
anti-Japanese stories
Feb. 19, 1942 FDR
signs an order to
remove people of
Japanese ancestry
from California,
Washington, Oregon,
and Arizona
THE HOME FRONT
•
110,000 sent to “relocation centers” in the middle of
nowhere
•
The Nisei*
•
Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and personal
belongings for less than value
•
Japanese American Citizen League*