Transcript WWII - cloudfront.net

 Axis Powers:
 Adolf Hitler: Germany, Fascist, leader
of Nazi party, wrote Mein Kamf
 Benito Mussolini: Italy, Fascist, leader
of the Black Shirts,
 Hideki Tojo: Japan, Imperialist,
attacked Pearl Harbor
 Joseph Stalin-Russia/Soviet Union,
Communist, killed many of his own people
in purges
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt- American
President, Democracy, originally wanted to
stay out of the war but changed his mind
 Winston Churchill-Great Britain,
Democracy, distrusted Stalin but had no
choice other than allying with him
 Germany becomes more aggressive with
Adolf Hitler in power
 Hitler refuses to accept the Treaty of
Versailles and leaves the League of Nations
 Why is Hitler expansionist?
 Leberstraun and a belief in Racial
Superiority (Space and Race)
 Hitler rebuilds the military
 Reoccupies the Rhineland (area rich in
resources and a buffer between Germany
and France) and claims Austria
 Demands the Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia
 Munich Agreement: Great Britain and
France give in to Hitler’s demands, but vow
to step in if he invades another country
 Hitler takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia and
sets his sights on Poland
 Hitler invades Poland and ignites WWII
 France and Great Britain declare war on
Germany and Italy. Why not Soviet Union?
 Stalin and Hitler sign a Non Aggression Pact
 Keeps USSR out of the war and allows
Hitler to concentrate on the west
 Blitzkrieg-lightning
warfare, quick attack
with tanks and planes
 Luftwaffe-German air
force
 Maginot Line: Line of
defenses on France’s
border with Germany
 Strategy: Invaded
France through the
Ardennes forest
 1939:Take Poland, France, the Netherlands, and most of
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continental Europe.
1941: Hitler invades the Soviet Union (breaking the NonAgression Pact) and takes vast amounts of Russian territory
However, Italy makes no progress in Africa
Roadblock: Great Britain
 1940: Resists Germany through the RAF and Radar: The
Battle of Britain
Brits and Soviets are able to hold out long enough for the
US entry into the war
 Axis of a different practice
 Imperial Ambition: Take over the Asian
World
 Up to this point in the war:
 Had taken over vast portions of the
Pacific including much of China, Korea,
and Southeast Asia
 Had maintained peace talks with the
US
 “A day that will live in Infamy” –FDR
 Japanese attack the Pearl Harbor Naval base
in Hawaii to try to knock out American Fleet
(in the midst of peace talks)
 Caused great damage, but our important
aircraft carriers were out to sea (Japanese
target)
 Caused the United States to enter WWII
 Goes through North Africa First
 General Dwight D Eisenhower and
the British sweep out the Germans
and Invade Italy
 However, Hitler reinforces Mussolini’s
forces and a stalemate results in Italy.
 Soviet Union pleads for a second front
 US and Great Britain agree to invade France
in the D-Day Invasion to open up a second
front
 Codename: Operation Overlord
 Successful in gaining a beachhead and
opening up a second front in the Normandy
Invasion
 Soviet Union wins the Battle of Stalingrad
and turns the tide of war on the Eastern
front
 Hitler and Mussolini are surrounded and
losing battle after battle
 Battle of the Bulge: Last chance effort to
turn the war in the favor of the Axis
powers
 Germans push some Allied lines back,
but cannot break through
 Uses up last remaining resources of the
European Axis Powers
 Women and
minorities had new
job opportunities
 Rationing: Help the
War effort
 Rosie: Worked hard,
but not much pay
Rosie the Riveter
 Economy Booms
 Growing Urban Pop., military industry
grows, and the economy becomes more
global
 However, still need War Bonds-loans to
the gov. by citizens
 Discrimination: Jim Crow Army
 Japanese Internment Camps: Imprisoned to
prevent threat of an uprising
 Japanese Internment cont’de:
 Civil Liberties (rights) of Japanese
were restricted because of spy
paranoia
 Korematsu v. United States (1944)-SC
ruled that the war justified the
limitation of these liberties
 What do you think? (short response)
 US Military Training Centers
 Camp Campbell: Home of the “Screaming
Eagles” 101st Airborne (Ten/Ken border)
 FDR Elected to Fourth Term (longest ever)
 Cordell Hull-Secretary of State under FDR
(longest ever), from TN
 War Materials: Alcoa, Memphis, Kingsport,
and Chattanooga
 Russia from the east, Other Allies from
the west
 Berlin: Hitler hides out in a bunker as
it is bombed and “commits suicide”
with his wife Eva Braun (April 30th
1945) (FDR April 12th)
 May 8th 1945-V-E Day
 Victory in Europe, but not in Japan
Yalta (Feb)
 Roosevelt, Churchill,
and Stalin
 Germany occupation
areas of Allies (4:GB,
FR, US, SU)
 Security Council for
UN
 SU would allow free
elections in East
Europe
Potsdam (July)
 Truman, Attlee, and
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Stalin
Borders of Eastern
Europe
Making Germany
Democratic/Communist
Clash between US and
SU
SU refuses Free Elections
 Had been on the
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backburners
Japan had initial
success (map)
Stop: Battle of the
Coral Sea
Win: Battle of
Midway
Huge Casualties:
What was the answer?
 Top Secret Plan to
build the Atomic Bomb
 Oak Ridge, TN:
Created in 1942 to
enrich Uranium for the
bomb
 Can of Worms:
 Espionage
 Nuclear proliferation
 Ethical Debates
 Truman decides to use the A-Bomb
 Hiroshima-August 6th, 1945 (p.584)
 Still refuse to surrender
 Nagasaki-August 9th, 1945
 Emperor Hirohito decides enough is
enough
 Japanese Complete Surrender-September 2,
1945
 End of WWII
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