Transcript CHARACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS

TAXONOMY
Taxonomy
 Organism
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CHARACTERISTICS USED
TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS
UNICELLULAR vs. MULTICELLULAR
PROKARYOTIC vs. EUKARYOTIC
SYMMETRY
Bilateral Symmetry
 Radial Symmetry
 Asymmetry
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COELOMATES vs ACOELOMATES
SEGMENTATION
HOMEOTHERM vs POIKILOTHERM
MOTILE vs SESSILE
VERTEBRATES vs INVERTEBRATES
OPEN vs CLOSED CIRCULATION
SEXUAL vs ASEXUAL
INTERNAL vs EXTERNAL
FERTILIZATION
FEEDING
CARNIVORE
 HERBIVORE
 OMNIVORE
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AUTOTROPHIC/HETEROTROPHIC
Autotrophs can make
their own food like
photosynthetic plants
and chemosynthetic
organisms.
Heterotrophs cannot
make their own food.
They undergo cellular
respiration like us.
TAXONOMY
Carl von Linnaeus
 Kingdoms (3 or 5)
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5 KINGDOMS OF CLASSIFICATION
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Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
TAXONOMY
Kingdoms are the broadest categories.
 There are subgroups within each kingdom.
 Each category gets more specific.
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CATEGORIES OF CLASSIFICATION
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KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
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KING
PHILLIP
CAME
OVER
FOR
GINGER
SNAPS
CLASSIFICATION OF A HUMAN
KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
PHYLUM CHORDATA
Contains a notochord
 Contains a tubular
nerve cord that runs
the length of the body
 Contains gill slits
 Contains a tail
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SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA
Have a cartilaginous
or bony backbone
 2 pairs of appendages
 Show segmentation
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Mammary glands
 Skin with hair
 Homeothermic
 Live Birth
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ORDER PRIMATES
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Stand upright
Have opposable
thumbs
Bony ridges above
eyes.
Flattened
noses(snouts)
Eyes face forward
(binocular vision)
FAMILY HOMINIDAE
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Includes all great
apes, including man,
now and prehistoric.
Genus Homo
Means “fully human”.
 First appeared about
2 million years ago.
 Differences are mainly
in diet and the way
they obtain their food.
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SPECIES SAPIENS
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Refers to modern
man.
Have longer legs,
leaner bodies.
First to use tools.
More of
hunter/gatherers as
opposed to
scavengers.
Can use language
HUMAN CLASSIFICATION
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Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Primate
Family Hominidae
Genus Homo
Species Sapiens
KINGDOM ANIMALI
PHYLUM CHORDATA
CLASS MAMMALIA
SCIENTIFIC NAME
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Binomial
Nomenclature
Genus and Species
Capitalize the genus
Lower case the
species
Underline or italicize
both
Homo sapien or
Homo sapien
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Canis familiaris
Canis lupus
Felis leo
Felis domesticus
CELLS
CELLS
The basic units of
structure and function
in the body.
 Animal cells are
eukaryotic.
 Since we are
multicellular, the cells
become specialized.
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CELL ORGANELLES
Parts of a cell that
carry out all functions
of that cell.
 Different cells may
contain different
organelles, but some
parts are common to
all eukaryotic cells.
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CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA
MEMBRANE)
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Controls what enters
and leaves the cell.
(Think of it as a door
or window)
Permeability
Permeable
Semi-permeable
Impermeable
NUCLEUS
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The control center of
the cell.
Computer
Brain
Control panel of a car
CYTOPLASM
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The watery, jelly-like
substance that the
other organelles float
around in.
Water
MITOCHONDRIA
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The powerhouse of
the cell that gives
energy to the cell.
Battery
Sun
Body Builder
Energy Drink
RIBOSOMES
Produce the proteins
for the cell. The
ribosomes themselves
are formed in the
nucleus and then
move into the
cytoplasm to begin
the process.
Meat, Eggs, Nuts, etc
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GOLGI BODY
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Stores the proteins
that the ribosomes
produce.
Basket, bag, box, any
storage container.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Act as a passageway
for things in the
nucleus to get into
the cytoplasm. Also
compartmentalize the
cell.
 Rough ER
 Smooth ER
Road, path, sidewalk
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LYSOSOMES
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Break down dead or
broken parts of a cell.
(Waste management)
Garbage can, toilet,
recycling symbol
CENTRIOLES
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Aid in cell division
(reproduction of the
cell)
Baby, Parent/child, EPT
test, Couple
WHAT DOES EACH REPRESENT?
FUNCTIONS OF CELLS
IRRITIBILITY
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The ability of cells to
detect a stimulus
CONDUCTIVITY
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The ability of cells to
transmit electrical
impulses.
RESPIRATION
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The ability of cells to
process food
substances and
oxygen into energy.
ABSORPTION
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Absorption/Endocytosis
is the ability of cells to
bring things into it. 2
types.
Pinocytosis- bringing in
a liquid. (cell drinking)
Phagocytosis- bringing
in a solid. (cell eating)
EXOSYTOSIS
Removal of substances
from the cell. 2
Types:
Excretion- The
elimination of a waste
product like urine or
sweat.
Secretion- the
elimination of a useful
product like a
hormone or enzyme.
DIGESTION/ASSIMILATION
Digestion-the
breakdown of food.
 Assimilation-the
chemical conversion
of food into nutrients.
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CONTRACTILITY
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The ability of a cell to
change its shape.
ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Body
STUDY GUIDE FOR INTRO TO
ANATOMY TEST
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ABSORPTION
ASSIMILATION
ASSYMETRIC
AUTOTROPHS
BILATERAL
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
CELLS
CHORDATA
CONDUCTIVITY
CONTRACTILITY
DIGESTION
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXCRETION
HETEROTROPHS
HOMEOTHERMS
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HOMINIDAE
IMPERMEABLE
IRRITIBILITY
MAMMALS
ORGANISM
PERMEABILITY
PHAGOCYTOSIS
PINOCYTOSIS
POIKILOTHERM
RADIAL
SECRETION
SEGMENTATION
SEMIPERMEABLE
SYMMETRY
VERTEBRATA
STUDY GUIDE CONTINUED
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Know the 29 branches of science associated with
Anatomy.
Know the 9 major cell organelles and their
function.
Name the 5 body structures in order of
increasing specialization.
Completely classify a human.
Correctly write the scientific name of a human.
Name the 5 kingdoms and an example of each.
ANATOMICAL TERMS
ANTERIOR vs POSTERIOR
DORSAL vs VENTRAL
MEDIAL vs LATERAL
PROXIMAL vs DISTAL
SUPERIOR vs INFERIOR
CEPHALIC vs CAUDAL
SUPINE vs PRONE