Transcript Taxonomy ppt

1
1. To explain the Linnaean
classification system taxonomists
use to identify animals.
2. To examine common phylums and
classes used in categorizing
animals.
3. To demonstrate the process used
in classifying animals.
2
• Is the science concerning the
description, identification, naming
and classification of animals
• Was developed by an 18th century
zoologist named Carolus Linnaeus
• Is recognized worldwide
3
• Is broken into the following
categories:
– kingdom
– phylum
– class
– order
– family
– genus
– species
4
• Places an organism in descending, ordered
groups which share more specific similarities
with the organism than the previous group
• Begins by placing an organism in a kingdom,
which is the broadest group
• Works down the list until it comes to species,
the narrowest group, where the animal will be
identified
• Uses binomial nomenclature to identify
organisms
5
• Was invented by Carolus Linnaeus
• Is the modern system of naming and
classifying organisms
• Provides the genus is capitalized while the
species is not and both are italicized
• Combines the genus and species of an
animal to give it a name
– man is known as Homo sapiens
– domesticated dogs are known as Canis
familiaris
– domesticated cats are known as Felis
catus
6
• Accounts for all organisms which are
multicellular, capable of locomotion and
provide themselves with nourishment
• Is one of five kingdoms, which also include
monera, protista, fungi and plantae
• Is characterized by the following:
– organism with eukaryotic cells
– heterotrophic organisms
– lack cell walls
Nourishment – to supply the food and
nutrients which are necessary for life, health
7
and growth
• Form many tissues in animals
• Are organized into complex structures
through the use of internal membranes and
cytoskeletons
• Lack cell walls in animals, allowing them to
adopt a variety of shapes
Exoskeleton – a hard outer structure or shell
providing protection and support for an
8
organism
• Require an organic substance to
provide it with carbon necessary for
growth and development
• Cannot form their own food from light or
inorganic substances
• Feed off of other organisms or their
remains in order to gain the energy
needed for life
9
• Group together animals
with the same body plan
• Rank below kingdom
and above class
• Classify animals based
on their internal
organization
10
• Include the following:
– mollusca
– porifera
– cnidaria
– platyhelminthes
– nematoda
– annelida
– arthropoda
– echinodermata
– chordata
11
• Characteristics include the
following:
– bilateral symmetry
– often have a shell
– complete digestive system
• Includes snails, clams, squids and
slugs
Bilateral Symmetry – when an object can be
divided into identical halves, usually a left and
12
right side
• Characteristics include the following:
– sessile (non-motile)
– lack organs and tissues
– least advanced of all animals
– invertebrate
• Includes all sponges
Invertebrate – creatures which do not possess
a backbone
13
• Characteristics include the
following:
– invertebrate
– radial symmetry
– possess nematocysts
(specialized stinging structures)
• Includes sea anemones, jellyfish
and coral
Radial Symmetry – an object which is
identical around a centralized axis
14
• Are often called “flatworms”
• Characteristics include the
following:
– bilateral symmetry
– invertebrate
– soft bodied
• Includes flukes and tapeworms
15
• Are often called “roundworms”
• Characteristics include the following:
– bilateral symmetry
– long, slender body
– no circulatory system
– often parasitic
– invertebrate
• Includes pinworms and hookworms
Parasite – an organism which grows, feeds and is
sheltered on or inside another organism and
16
contributes nothing to the survival of its host
• Characteristics include the
following:
– bilateral symmetry
– soft bodied
– segmented body
– invertebrate
• Includes earthworms and leeches
17
• Characteristics include the following:
– segmented body with jointed legs
– exoskeleton
– complex nervous system with dorsal brain
– open circulatory system with dorsal heart
– invertebrate
• Includes lobsters, crabs, beetles and
cockroaches
18
• Characteristics include the following:
– radial symmetry
– spiny skin
– no circulatory, excretory or
respiratory systems
– possess a water vascular system
– invertebrate
• Includes sand dollars, starfish and sea
urchins
Water Vascular System – hydraulic system in
echinoderms which allows for food and waste
transportation, locomotion and respiration
19
• Characteristics include the
following at some point in
development:
– notochord
– tubular spinal chord
– gill slits leading to the pharynx
or throat
• Includes all vertebrates, such as
fish, reptiles and humans
Notochord – rod-like cord of cells which forms
the main support structure of the body
20
• Include the following:
– agnatha
– placodermi
– chondrichthyes
– osteichthyes
– amphibia
– reptilia
– aves
– mammalia
21
• Characteristics include the following:
– jawless
– lack paired appendages
– notochord present throughout life
– cartilaginous skeleton
• Includes lampreys and hagfish
22
• Characteristics include the
following:
– first jawed vertebrae
– armored fish
– entirely extinct
23
• Characteristics include the following:
– skeleton made of cartilage
– asymmetrical tail curving downward
– internal fertilization
– no lungs or swim bladder
• Includes sharks and sting rays
Swim Bladder – an air filled structure in many
fish which maintains buoyancy or aids in
24
respiration
• Characteristics include the
following:
– bony skeleton
– external fertilization
– swim bladder
– gills
• Includes catfish, bass and tilapia
25
• Characteristics include the following:
– limited to moist environment
– lungs and skin act as respiratory
system
– three chambered heart
• Includes frogs, toads and salamanders
26
• Characteristics include the
following:
– independent of water
– scales
– internal fertilization
– well developed circulatory
system and lungs
• Includes snakes, lizards and turtles
27
• Characteristics include the
following:
– feathers
– light weight bones
– body systems adapted for flight
– beak
– four chambered heart
• Includes all birds
28
• Characteristics include
the following:
– hair
– milk production by
females for offspring
– internal fertilization
• Includes apes, dogs
and humans
29
• Include the following:
– artiodactyla: even toed, hoofed
animals
– perissodactyla: odd toed, hoofed
animals
– carnivore: meat eaters
– insectivore: insect eaters
– marsupialia: pouched mammals
30
• Include the following:
– primates: humans, monkeys and lemurs
– rodentia: beavers, squirrels and mice
– cetacea: whales and porpoises
– chiroptera: bats
– lagomorpha: hares and rabbits
31
• Include the following:
– callitrichidae: marmosets
– cebidae: new world monkeys
– cercopithecidae: baboons and
old world monkeys
– pongidae: gorillas, orangutans
and chimpanzees
– hominidae: human beings
32
• Include:
– gorilla: gorillas
– homo: humans
– pan: chimpanzees
– pongo: orangutan
33
• Include:
– Gorilla beringei: eastern gorilla
– Gorilla gorilla: western gorilla
34
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Primates
Family – Hominidae
Genus – Homo
Species – sapiens
35
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Carnivora
Family – Canidae
Genus – Canis
Species – familiaris
36
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Carnivora
Family – Felidae
Genus – Felis
Species – catus
37
Taxonomy
•Is the science
concerning
the
description,
identification,
naming and
classification
of animals
•Is broken
into kingdom,
phylum, class,
order, family,
genus and
species
Binomial
Nomenclature
Kingdom
Animalia
•Combines
the genus and
species of an
animal to give
it a name
•Accounts for
all organisms
which are
multicellular,
capable of
locomotion
and provide
themselves
with
nourishment
Phylums
•Group
animals
together
which posses
the same
body
plan
•Classify
animals based
on their
internal
organization
38
1. What are the seven categories used in the
Linnaean classification system?
2. ________ symmetry is when an object can be
divided into identical halves, usually a left and
right side.
3. A ________ is a rod-like cord of cells which
forms the main support structure of the body.
4. Organisms from the phylum ________ are
often called roundworms.
39
5. The lagomorpha order includes rabbits and
hares.
a. true
b. false
6. A characteristic of the aves class is a four
chambered heart.
a. true
b. false
40
7. Crabs are in the phylum arthropoda.
a. true
b. false
8. A water vascular system is a characteristic of
the platyhelminthes.
a. true
b. false
41
9. What phylum contains the least advanced of
all animals?
a. porifera
b. mollusca
c. cnidaria
d. annelida
10. Which of the following is correct?
a. Homo Sapiens
b. Homo sapiens
c. homo sapiens
d. Homo sapiens
42
Phylum Chordata. (2009). Retrieved May 30, 2009, from
Reference.com: http://www.reference.com/
Binomial Nomenclature. (2007). Retrieved May 30, 2009,
from Fact Monster:
http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0857381.html
Carter, J. S. (2004, November 4). Phylum Chordata.
Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Biology at Clermont
College:
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/chordate.htm
Kornfeld, A. (2007). Natural Perspective. Retrieved May 30,
2009, from Natural Perpective:
http://www.perspective.com/nature/index.html
43
Production Coordinator:
Brandon O’Quinn
Production Manager:
Dusty Moore
Project Coordinator:
Meghan Blanek
Graphic Designer:
Executive Producers:
Gordon Davis, Ph.D.,
Jeff Lansdell
Ann Adams
© MMIX
CEV Multimedia, Ltd.
44