Transcript He grouped living things into Plants…

Classification
 Once
there
was a man
named
Aristotle…
 He
was a
very smart
man who like
orderly things
(sometimes
scientists are like
that.)


The world,
however, was
not orderly. All
these random
living things…it
was a mess!
So…he decided
to do something
about it.
He grouped living things
into Plants…
Or Animals.
Then,
he had a stroke
of genius. He got even
more specific and
grouped all plants into…
Trees,
Shrubs
And herbs.
Animals were split into
Animals of the air…
Water,
Or Land.
Notice

any problems?
What about frogs,
both land and water?
Enter Carolus Linneaus,
2000 years later.
He liked things
orderly, also.
Invented the modern
classification system

He wrote a book
and decided to
group living things
in a different way.
He grouped living
things based on
their
STRUCTURAL
SIMILARITIES.
 He
grouped
similar groups
into larger
groups, until
he had seven
groupings.
The Seven Taxons(Groupings):
Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species

Classification of Humans
Kingdom: animal
 Phylum: chordate
 Class: mammal
 Order: primate
 Family: hominid
 Genus: Homo
 Species: sapien

Taxonomy(Systematics) – science
of grouping and naming things

Scientists classify
organisms and assign
each organism a
universally accepted
name
 Why? By using a
scientific name, scientists
can be sure everyone is
discussing the same
organism
 Lepus arcticus
How specific does it go?

Linneaus’ smallest grouping was called the
species-reproduce with each other.
Genus- a group of similar species

He grouped similar species into a larger
grouping called genus.
Binomial Nomenclature
GENUS + SPECIES = Scientific name!
 Examples:

Homo sapien
 Acer rubrum
 Drosophilia melanogaster
 Felis concolor
 Felis domesticus

Today’s Modern Kingdoms

Prokaryotessimple cells
1.
2.
1

Eubacteria“normal” bacteria
found everywhere
Archaebacteriaunusual bacteria
found in hot
springs, brine pools
and mud
2
Eukaryotescomplex cells with
nucleii
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fungus- mold,
mushrooms, etc.
decomposers
Protistsmicroscopic “left
over” group
Plants- make food
Animals- consumers
of food
Classification
 Cladogram
(Phylogenetic
tree)- diagram
showing the
evolutionary
relationships
among a group of
organisms.