Transcript Kingdom Animalia97

Kingdom Animalia
General Characteristics
 All species are eukaryotic,
heterotrophic, require
oxygen to perform cellular
respiration and all evolved
from a common ancestor
millions of years ago.
 The following are phyla
that are in this Kingdom
Invertebrate Phyla
 The following Phyla all do not possess a dorsal nerve
cord or vertebral column of any sort, therefore they are
all termed ‘Invertebrates’.
 They are some of the most numerous animal species on
this planet!
Phylum Porifera
 “pore bearing”
 They are primitive, sessile,
mostly marine, water dwelling
filter feeders that pump water
through their bodies to filter out
particles of food matter.
 Have no true tissue, so were
probably the first jump from
unicellular to multicellular
animals.
 Sponges are the best example.
Phylum Cnidaria
 Possess stinging cells
 The basic body shape of a
cnidarian consists of a sac
containing a gastrovascular
cavity with a single
opening that functions as
both mouth and anus.
 Radially symmetrical
 Coral, sea anemones,
jellyfish, sea wasps are
prime examples
Phylum Platyhelminthes
 ‘flat worm’
 The flatworm’s soft body is ribbon-
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shaped, flattened dorso-ventrally
(from top to bottom), and is
bilaterally symmetrical.
Flatworms exhibit an undulating form
of locomotion.
Sexual (hermaphroditic) and asexual
(transverse fission) reproduction.
Use a haptor to attach to species for
feeding. Most are free-living, some
parasites.
Closed tube digestive system.
Depending on species and age,
individuals can range in size from
almost microscopic to over 20 m long.
The longest ever recorded flatworm
was a tapeworm over 27 m long!
Phylum Annelida
 ‘Segmented worms’
 They are found in most wet
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environments.
Open digestive system
Closed circulatory system
Reproduce both asexually
(fragmentation) and
sexually (hermaphrodites)
Range in size from under 1
mm to over 3 m!
Leeches and Earthworms
are the more known
members.
Phylum Arthropoda
 ‘jointed feet’
 Segmented body with appendages coming
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from at least one segment.
Dorsal heart and ventral nervous system.
Hard exoskeleton made up of chitin to
protect against drying out.
Largest Animal phylum (80% of the
known species on Earth!)
Common to all environments
Open circulatory system
Respiratory system depends on their
environment (gills, book lungs, tracheae
and spiracles).
Sexual reproduction for the most part.
Classes of Arthropods
Class Arachnidia
(Spiders, Scorpions and
Mites)
Class Crustacea
(Lobsters, Crabs, Shrimp,
Barnacles)
Classes of Arthropods
Class Merostoma
(Horseshoe Crabs)
Class Myriopoda
(Millipedes and Centipedes)
Class Insecta and 2 ofOrder
itsDiptera
Orders
Order Lepidoptera
(Moths and Butterflies)
(Flies, Mosquitoes, Gnats and
Midges)
Phylum Mollusca
 ‘thin shelled’
 Found in both marine and
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freshwater environments
Filter feeders
Have a shell or modified shell
Open digestive system
Open circulatory system
except for Class Cephalopoda
Use gills/lungs to breathe
Can be small
(micromollusks) to extremely
large (Colossal Squid)
Classes of Molluscs
Class Cephalopodia
(Octopus, Squid, Nautilus and
Cuttlefish)
Class Bivalvia
(Clams, Mussels, Oysters and Scallops)
Classes of Molluscs
Class Gastropoda
(Snails and Slugs)
This Colossal Squid is
freaking me out!
Phylum Echinodermata
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‘spiny skin’
Marine species
Adults are radially symmetrical.
Mouth and anus may change
places in some developing
adults! Open digestive system.
Possess a unique water vascular
system that is used in gas
exchange, feeding and
locomotion.
External fertilizers in sexually
reproduction
Can regenerate
Starfish, Sea Stars, Sea Urchins,
Sea Cucumbers, Feather Stars…
End of the Invertebrates
Phylum Chordata
There are four subphyla in the phylum
Chordata
A) Urochordata
 Contain the organisms known as tunicates
or sea squirts.
 Thick-walled, short organisms that live on
the ocean floor.
B) Cephalochordata
 Lancelets, which are small marine animals
that look like a surgical knife and are only
a few cm long.
 Lie buried beneath muddy sediments.
**** IMPORTANT****
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These two subphylum are considered to be
part of the chordates because at some
point in their life history they had:
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i) a dorsal nerve cord from which nerves
branch out to all parts of the body
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ii) a notochord, or rod of cartilage, which
runs across the dorsal surface of the body
iii)gill slits, which for terrestrial animals,
Phylum Chordata
C) Agnantha
 Literally means ‘without jaw’
 Contains species of jawless fish
 They are very mobile and
ferocious predators
 Examples are the hagfish and
lamprey
D) Gnathostomata
 Contain jaws
 The majority of the organisms
that we think about when we
say the term ‘animal’ are from
this subphylum
Gnathostomata Classes
Class Condricthyes
(Sharks and Rays)
Class Osteichthyes
(Bony Fish)
Gnathostomata Classes
Class Amphibia
(Amphibians: frogs, toads, newts and
salamanders)
Class Reptilia
(Reptiles: Alligators, Crocodiles,
Tuataras, Snakes, Lizards, Turtles and
Tortoises)
Class Aves (Birds)
Order Falconiformes
(Birds of Prey like Hawks, Kites,
Eagles, Falcons, Osprey…)
Order Strigiformes
(Owls)
Class Aves
Order Piciformes
(Woodpeckers, Toucans,
Honey Guides…)
Order Passeriformes
(Perching Birds)
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora (Carnivores:
cats, dogs, weasels, seals, etc…)
Order Rodentia (Rodents: rats,
mice, beavers, squirrels, etc…)
Class Mammalia
Order Artiodactyla (Even-toed
Ungulates: moose, hippo, goat,
camel, warthog, giraffes…)
Order Chiroptera (Bats)
Class Mammalia
Order Insectivora (moles,
shrews, hedgehogs, things that
eat insects that don’t fit in
anywhere else!)
Order Marsupialia
(Marsupials: kangaroo,
wallaby, koala, sugar glider…)
Class Mammalia
Order Primates (Apes, Humans,
Lemurs and Monkeys)
Order Cetacea (Whales,
Dolphins, Porpoises)
Class Mammalia
Order Edentata
(armadillos, sloths,
anteaters)
Order Perissodactyla (Odd-Toed
Ungulates: Rhino, Tapir, Zebra,
Horses…)
Class Mammalia
Order Proboscidea
(Elephants)
Order Lagomorpha (rabbits,
hares, pikas…)