Transcript african imperialism

JOURNAL
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Are the Stormcloaks morally justified in their
actions?
OR
What gives a group the right to take over the
land of another group?
JANUARY 11-12
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Objective
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Develop an Understanding of how Imperialism
developed in Africa
Europeans in Africa
Today – What is imperialism
 Lecture from Norris
 Reading from Textbook
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Later this week/next week –
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You will start looking at specific countries in Africa
AFRICAN IMPERIALISM
EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM MUTATED
Aggressive expansion=New Imperialism
 Why? Combo of:
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Economic Interests
 Political & Military Interests
 Humanitarian & Religious Goals
 Social Darwinism
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http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/isb200/DARWIN.GIF
EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM
Began in the Age of Exploration (1500’s)
 Lasted until the Industrial Revolution (1800’s)
 Brief Recap
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1492-empires in Americas
 Established colonies in India & SE Asia
 Started gaining power/control on Africa & China Coasts
 Little influence on the people of China, India, & Africa
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NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES
http://www.hedegaard.com/Photos/SilicatesF/home.html
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Economic Interests
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Industrial Revolution
Manufacturers wanted:
 Natural Resources-rubber, petroleum, manganese (for steel), palm oil (for
machinery)
 Expand trade around the world
 Bankers wanted:
 To invest their profits around the world
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Place for expanding population
 Strong Economy
 Provide work & employment
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http://rubbercal.com/files/Rubber_Tree_30_.jpg
NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES
 Political
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& Military Interests
Steam powered merchant ships & Naval vessels
Needed global bases to obtain coal & supplies
 Seized islands & harbors
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Nationalism
Keep other countries from expanding “too” much
 “Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation” (dictionary.com)
 Colonies needed for “national security”
 Prestige
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Well organized governments
Powerful armies & navies
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Maxim machine guns & repeating rifles
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.5858
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NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES
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Humanitarian & Religious Goals
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Growth of science & technology…more confidence
Missionaries, doctors, & colonial officials believed it was their
“duty” to spread the “blessings” of western civilizations:
Medicine
 Law
 Christian religion
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West was modern & “enlightened”
 Africa & Asia were “backward” & in need of “civilization”
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THINKING AT THE TIME
Origin of the Species, by Charles Darwin, was
published in 1859
 While Darwin’s theories were radical and not
necessarily accepted as fact by everyone, one
aspect grew and influenced Europeans in Africa
 This idea is “natural selection”
 What is the idea of Natural Selection?
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NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES
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Social Darwinism
Applied Darwin’s ideas about natural selection
& survival of the fittest to people
 Argued that European races were superior to
ALL others
 Imperial conquest & destruction of weaker
races were nature’s way of improving the
human species
 Europeans had medicines, such as quinine, to
help treat tropical diseases
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http://javalab.cs.uni-bonn.de/research/darwin
IMPERIALISM CRITICS
“Tool” of the rich
 Immoral
 Democracy at home, but imposing undemocratic rule on
others
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http://home.earthlink.net/~lazarski/imperialism/scrmblcrtoon.htm
CH 25: THE NEW IMPERIALISM
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According to the cartoon,
which European
countries were fighting
for a position in Africa?
ADDING TO THE NEW IMPERIALISM
In addition to the success of the Europeans…
 Older civilizations were declining
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Ottoman of Middle East
 Mughal of India
 Qing of China
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In Africa, the following contributed to the decline in
establishing empires, kingdoms, & city states:
Wars
 Slave trade
 Newer African states weren’t strong enough to resist
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RESIST THE FORCE…
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Some Africans & Asians tried to:
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Some fought, despite the superiority of the Maxim gun
Some tried to strengthen their societies against outsiders by
reforming their traditions
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Muslim, Hindu, or Confucian
Some western educated Africans & Asians organized nationalist
movements to get rid of the imperialists from their lands
FORMS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL
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Colonies
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Governors, officials, & soldiers
Controlled the people & set up a colonial bureaucracy (govt)
 Goal: rule locals & “transform” their society
 French-Direct Rule
 Sent officials from France to govern their colonies
 Goal: impose French culture on colonies & turn them into provinces
 British-Indirect Rule
 Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers as their agents to govern
 Encouraged children of ruling class to get an education in Britain
 These children could then be the rulers of their local areas
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FORMS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL
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Protectorates
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Local ruler left in place
Expected to accept the advice of European advisors on issues like
trade or missionary activity
Cost less to run than a colony
Didn’t require a large commitment of military/navy unless there
was a crisis
Spheres of Influence
Outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
 Example: Europe-China & US-Latin America
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CH 25: THE PARTITION OF AFRICA
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Political entities before
the Partition
http://home.earthlink.net/~lazarski/imperialism/scrmblmps.htm
CH 27 – THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM
Read chapter 27 section 1 (773-778)
Take Notes in three categories: What was Africa like prior to
late 1800’s, Why did Europeans develop an interest in
Africa, and How did Africa change?
Answer Questions 2-7
IF YOU FINISH
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Load the Imperialism Examples document from
Norris’ website
Based on your notes, what type of Imperialism is
each situation