Transcript How did the Industrial Revolution lead to an age of

An analysis of the growth of
Imperialism
By
Mr. Stankus
Imperialism Defined
• Imperialism – when one country takes control
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of another country
(political, economic, cultural)
"old:" direct political control
(since ancient times)
"new:" economic control (Age of Imperialism)
– after industrialization in Europe
– 1880s "scramble for Africa"
– 1885 Berlin conference
• "cultural" (soft): after de-colonization
• Goal of all 3: economic extraction
One Tin Soldier Rides Away
An Analysis of the nature of
Imperialism and its association
with War, and Violence
Listen, children, to a story
That was written long ago,
'Bout a kingdom on a mountain
And the valley-folk below.
On the mountain was a treasure
Buried deep beneath the stone,
And the valley-people swore
They'd have it for their very own.
Go ahead and hate your neighbor,
Go ahead and cheat a friend.
Do it in the name of Heaven,
You can justify it in the end.
There won't be any trumpets blowing
Come the judgement day,
On the bloody morning after....
One tin soldier rides away.
So the people of the valley
Sent a message up the hill,
Asking for the buried treasure,
Tons of gold for which they'd kill.
Came an answer from the kingdom,
"With our brothers we will share
All the secrets of our mountain,
All the riches buried there."
Now the valley cried with anger,
"Mount your horses! Draw your sword!"
And they killed the mountain-people,
So they won their just reward.
Now they stood beside the treasure,
On the mountain, dark and red.
Turned the stone and looked beneath
it...
"Peace on Earth" was all it said.
Go ahead and hate your neighbor,
Go ahead and cheat a friend.
Do it in the name of Heaven,
You can justify it in the end.
There won't be any trumpets blowing
Come the judgement day,
On the bloody morning after....
One tin soldier rides away.
Go ahead and hate your neighbor,
Go ahead and cheat a friend.
Do it in the name of Heaven,
You can justify it in the end.
There won't be any trumpets blowing
Come the judgement day,
On the bloody morning after....
One tin soldier rides away.
Modern Imperialism
• Types of control – settlement colonies,
dependent colonies, protectorates,
spheres of influence
• National rivals – nations wanted more
colonies
Colonialism becomes Imperialism
• Settler colonies
– Europeans went to stay (13 colonies; Latin
America; Boers)
– before industrialization
• Politically dependent states
– administered by imperial power
– Europeans come and go
– goal: economic extraction
How did the Industrial Revolution
lead to an age of Imperialism?
• ECONOMICS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT
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SINGLE FACTOR IN THIS "NEW IMPERIALISM."
MUCH OF THIS ECONOMIC EMPHASIS WAS
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
POLITICAL NATIONALISM WAS ANOTHER
POWERFUL FACTOR
MILITARISM NEED OF CONTROLLING
STRATEGIC AREAS AND ESTABLISHING KEY
MILITARY BASES
SOCIAL: HUMANITARIAN/RELIGIOUS
Economic Results
• Factory System
• Mass Production
• Higher Standard of Living (increased
demand)
• Rise of Corporations
• World Trade/Economic Interdependence
• Economic Competition: selling of goods &
gaining of resources
Political Results
• Growth of Middle Class & Working Class
• Growth of Mass Media (news around the
world)
• Growth of Nationalism (Urge to Dominate)
– Leads to Imperialism
– Leads to Militarism
Social Results
• Cities Grow/Population Grows
• Technology Increases
• Women’s status increases
• Humanitarian Aid increases
• Public education/medicine
• Missionary activity
• Social Darwinism
– (survival of the fittest leads to the right of the
fittest to dominate)
THE RANKING OF COUNTRIES THAT MADE THE
LARGEST ADDITION TO THEIR COLONIAL
DOMAINS DURING THE "NEW IMPERIALISM"
WERE:
• #1 - ENGLAND
• #2 - FRANCE
• #3 - GERMANY
• #4 - BELGIUM
• #5 - PORTUGAL
• #6 - NETHERLANDS
Effects of imperialism
• colonial powers built new communications and
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transportation systems
established universities, and introduced
modern medical practices
exporting natural resources without providing
economic return for most of the people.
Many colonial administrations were insensitive
to local customs and destroyed old ways of
life.
In Africa
How did Africa change as a result
of Imperialism?
Reading: The Berlin Conference 1884
Answer these questions based on the reading
1. List 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to
take over Africa?
2. What was the Berlin Conference?
3. What agreements came out of the Berlin
Conference?
4. What considerations were made by the
Europeans to the native Africans?
5. Make a guess: How will the decisions made
at the conference change Africa?
Africa Map Comparison
Old Africa
New Africa
1. What is the main difference
between the 2 maps?
2. What part did the Berlin
Conference play in the
creation MAP 2?
3. What happened to the
native African political
entities by 1914?
4. According to Map 2-Which 2 European
countries held the most
territory in Africa?
PREDICTION:
• What will happen to Africa as a result of
Imperialism?
• What benefits will Africa experience?
• What challenges will Africa face?
European Claims in North Africa
• Explain why the French wanted to gain
control of North Africa.
• Identify the events and aims that
promoted British expansion in North and
East Africa.
The French in North Africa
• Empire expansion
• Strait of Gilbraltar
The British in North Africa
• Egypt and the Suez Canal – connected
Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea; put
Egypt into deep debt
• The Fashoda crisis – French and British
clashed over Sudan; France yielded
European Claims in SubSaharan Africa
• Objectives:
• Describe the patterns of colonization that
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Europeans followed in West Africa.
Identify what Europeans gained by colonizing
central and East Africa.
Explain why South Africa was so important to
the colonial powers.
Examine the effect imperialism had on all of
Africa.
Competition for West Africa
• French fought for control of Senegal
• British battled to rule Gold Coast
• Europeans wanted to gain control of raw
materials
Competition for Central and East
Africa
• Wealth in trade.
Competition for Southern Africa
• The Boers – spoke their own language,
fought Zulu for control
• Rhodes and his influence – controlled
diamond production
• The Boer War – Boers wanted to keep
Britain from mining in Transvaal, were
defeated; British allowed them to keep
their language and provided funding for
postwar reconstruction
The Effect of Imperialism on Africa
• New medicines
• New ways of farming
• Africans lost freedom
Chart Analysis
Answer the following questions based on the chart
Percentage of Africa Controlled by European Countries in
1913
1. What percentage of Africa was colonized by 1913?
2. According to the graph, Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa? (did you
get the same answer as #4 in the Map Comparison above?)
3. What percentage Africa was controlled by the rest of the countries (excluding the 2 countries
mentioned in #2)?
4. Think about it: Would the information in MAP 2 and the pie chart above be the same if there had
never been a Berlin Conference?
5. Using ALL of the information you have learned about the 'Scramble for Africa' draw your own
cartoon about the 'Scramble for Africa'. Your cartoon should contain more detailed information
than the cartoon above.
Expansion in Asia Objectives:
• Describe the role Great Britain played in the
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development of India.
Explain how Japan changed its ancient and
tradition-based culture in response to Western
imperialism.
Explain how Western imperialism affected the
peoples of Southeast Asia.
Explain why European and American imperialists
were interested in the Pacific islands.
British Imperialism in India
• The nature of British rule – British sense
of superiority prevented social or political
contact with Indians; developed Westernstyle schools taught in English
• The rise of Indian nationalism – some
wanted to keep aspects of Western culture
and move toward independence gradually;
others wanted to break away from
Western influence completely
• The Caste System helped the British to
gain control of India
Japanese Responses to Imperialism
• The Meiji Restoration – removed old
system of social classes, required all to
attend school, new constitution
• Industrialization – Western factory
machinery, sent students and leaders to
learn Western ways
• The Sino-Japanese War – Japan and China
fought over control of Korea; made Japan
major world power
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
• British colonies – Burma and Singapore
• French gains – French Indochina
• The Dutch East Indies – reformed colonial
policies
U.S. Interests in the Pacific Islands
• The Samoa Islands – trading post, coaling
station, and naval base
• The Hawaiian Islands – naval base,
sugarcane and pineapple plantations
• The Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island
Economic Imperialism
• Investments
• Loans for public improvements, armies
and navies
• Forces control of countries who couldn’t
repay
The Spanish-American War
• United States controlled Cuba and won
Puerto Rico
• Spain lost holdings in the Caribbean and
Pacific
The Panama Canal
• Greatly reduced travel times and shipping
costs
The Roosevelt Corollary
• United States would protect independence
of Western Hemisphere countries
• United States would assure repayment of
Latin American countries’ loans
Mexico’s Revolution
• Economic, social, and political inequality
Are we in a new age of Imperialism?
Anti-imperialism Today:
Extreme Views
Review
1. What evidence is there that an
industrialized country can control a
country that is not industrialized?
2. What evidence is there to show that
areas were colonized because they met
the transportation needs of other,
more powerful countries?
3. What evidence is there to show that
areas were colonized for natural
resources?