Transcript 4 Imperialism 2014

SKILLBUILDER (p. 692)
Types of Nationalist Movements
Type
Characteristics
Examples
Unification
Mergers of politically divided, 19th century Germany
but culturally similar lands
19th century Italy
Separation
Culturally distinct group resists Greeks in the Ottoman
being added to a state or tries Empire
to break away
French-speaking
Canadians
Culturally distinct groups form The United States
into a new state by accepting a Turkey
single culture
State-building
1. What types of nationalist movements can evolve in lands with
culturally distinct groups?
2. What MUST be present for state-building to take place?
Age of Imperialism
Age of Imperialism
Age of Imperialism
Imperialism
• Imperialism is a policy in which one
country seeks to extend its authority by
conquering other countries or by
establishing economic and political
dominance over other countries.
Forms of Imperialism
• Colony – A country or a territory government
internally by a foreign power.
• Protectorate – A country or a territory with its own
internal government but under the control of an
outside power.
• Sphere of Influence – An area in which an outside
power claims exclusive investment or trading
privileges.
• Economic Imperialism – An independent but lessdeveloped country controlled by private business
interests rather than other governments.
Causes
Nationalism – to gain
power, European
nations compete for
colonies and trade.
Economic Competition
– Demand for raw
materials and new
markets spurs a
search for colonies.
Missionary Spirit –
Europeans believe they
must spread their
Christian teachings to
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P
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Effects
Colonization –
Europeans control land
and people in Africa,
Asia, and Latin
America.
Economics – Europeans
control trade in the
colonies and set up
dependent cash-crop
economies.
Christianization –
Christianity spreads to
Africa, India, and Asia.
Turn to textbook page 785
• Read “Different Perspectives: Using
primary and secondary Sources:” Views of
Imperialism
• Answer questions 1-4.
• Make a prediction about imperialism based
on the material in the 4 sources AND
WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED. Support
your assertion with 3 statements.
Imperialism
• One country’s domination of the
political, economic, and social life of
another country
• Three key factors
– Nationalism prompted rival
European nations to build
empires to compete for power
– The Industrial Revolution
created high demand for raw
materials, so nations sought new
territories
– Both religious fervor and feelings
of racial superiority inspire
Europeans to impose their
cultures
Forms of Imperialism p.780
• Colony
– A territory that an imperial power
ruled directly through colonial officials
• Protectorate
– Had its own gov’t, but its policies
guided by foreign power
• Sphere of influence
– A region of a country in which the
imperial power had exclusive trading
rights
Social Darwinism
• Based on the ideas of
Charles Darwin’s work the
Origin of Species.
• English businessman Cecil
Rhodes applied Darwin’s
theory to support
imperialism.
• Wealth was a measure of
one’s value and those who
had it were the most “fit.”
• Did not believe in helping
the poor.
• Racism is the name for the belief that one
race is superior to others.
The Clash Over South Africa
• The first Europeans to settle
in South Africa were the
Dutch. They were called
the Boers.
• The Boers, also known as
Afrikaners, clashed with the
Zulu and other African
groups as they moved North
to escape the British.
• The Boer War, fought
between the Dutch and
British, was won by the
British who est. the Union
of South Africa.
The Clash Over South Africa Cont.
• The history of South Africa is a history of Africans,
Dutch, and British clashing over land and resources.
• Around 1816, Shaka, a Zulu chief used highly
disciplined warriors and good military organization
to create a large centralized state in southern Africa.
• In 1879 the Zulus, using spears and shields against
British guns, were defeated and by 1887 fell under
British control.
African Resistance
• Africans resisted the Europeans with whatever
forces they could raise and often surprised the
Europeans with their military ability.
• With the exception of Ethiopia, all resistance
attempts failed.
• To keep Ethiopia free, Menelik II, leader of
Ethiopia, exploited imperialist rivalries between
European nations and built up a modern arsenal
that helped to retain independence for his
people.
• Africa 1850
• Africa 1904
National boundaries that existed in Africa at the end of
the 19th century were unnaturally imposed by
imperialistic powers.
Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
• The powers of Europe set their sights on the lands
bordering the Mediterranean owned by the Ottoman
Empire.
• Geopolitics, an interest in or taking land for its
strategic location or products, played an important
role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire.
• The Crimean War fought between the Ottomans and
Russians was won by the Ottomans with the help of
Britain and France.
Egypt Initiates Reforms
• Egypt initiated political and social reforms,
in part to block European domination of its
land.
• Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the
Red Sea appeared valuable to France &
Britain.
• Egypt modernized under ruler Muhammad
Ali and his descendants.
• Egypt’s greatest achievement during this
time was the creation of the Suez Canal.
• The Suez Canal was built primarily with
French money. As Egypt continued their
modernization efforts, it was soon unable to
pay even the interest on the $450 million
dollar debt.
• In1882 the British insisted on financial
control of the canal and occupied Egypt.
Agenda
Activator: Imperialism Map
Complete Imperialism Notes
HW: Read textbook pages 773 – 785
Europe in Asia: India
• British East India Company in
control by 1857.
• Due to revolts, the British and the
East India Company send a viceroy
to rule as the monarch’s
representative.
• Sepoys, or Indian soldiers, served as
a private army for the East India
Company.
• Due to the value of the raw
materials found there, India was
known as the “jewel in the crown.”
• Due to high volume the price of
British textiles were much lower
than other made around the world.
Nationalism in India
• In 1850 the Sepoys revolted due to religious
beliefs, resentment of British rule, and a rise
in nationalism.
• The final straw that caused the Sepoys to
revolt was the rumor that the cartridges of
the rifles were sealed with beef and pork fat.
Nationalism in India
• The Sepoy Mutiny inspired rebellions across
the country and required England to send
more British troops to tighten British control
over India.
• The Indian National Congress in 1885 and
the Muslim League in 1906 helped spread
nationalism throughout India.
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
• As European powers rushed
to divide Africa, they also
competed for the countries
south of China that bordered
the Pacific Ocean known as
the Pacific Rim including
Indochina, Singapore, and
the Philippine Islands.
• To compete with the Dutch,
the British sought a trading
base in the Pacific Rim
nation of Singapore.
• Britain gained colonies in
Malaysia, which became the
world’s leader in the
production of rubber.
• The resulting cultural changes from the
immigration of laborers from around the
world often led to racial and religious
clashes that are still seen today.
U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands
• The United States acquired
the Philippine Islands, Puerto
Rico, and Guam as a result of
the Spanish American War.
• Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino
nationalist, said the U.S. had
promised the Philippines
immediate independence as
soon as the Spanish American
War ended.
• Aguinaldo led a group of
Filipino nationalists against
U.S. forces in the Philippines.
• By the 19th century, American sugar
plantations accounted for 75% of
Hawaii’s wealth.
• Queen Liliuokalani, the last
monarch of Hawaii, called for a
new constitution, which would’ve
given her more power.
• Sanford B. Dole, an American
businessman, led a group of
wealthy sugar plantation owners
who overthrew the Queen.
• Dole, once named president of Hawaii,
asked for the annexation of Hawaii and
it was granted in 1898.
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