Transcript European Imperialism

European Imperialism
Standard/EQ
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EQ: Why would a country want to become imperialist?
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EQ: How did imperialism affect the “imperialized” peoples?
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Standard: SSWH15 The student will be able to describe the impact of
industrialization, the rise of nationalism, and the major characteristics of
worldwide imperialism.
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d.
Describe imperialism in Africa and Asia by comparing British policies
in South Africa, French policies in Indochina, and Japanese policies in Asia.
Imperialism: What is it?
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Def: the takeover of a country or territory with the intent of dominating the
political, social, and economic life of the region
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Sig: enabled Europeans to dominate and control the world economy
Review: Old Imperialism
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Age of Exploration (16th-18th Centuries)
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European powers did not usually acquire territory but rather built a series of trading
stations
Respected and frequently cooperated with local rulers
Characteristics:
 “God, Glory, and Gold” Justification
 Religious Tensions
 Commercial Revolution
 Colonization
 War (Seven Years’ War)
 Mercantilism
 Where: Americas; India; Some with China, Japan, SE Asia
“New” Imperialism
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Late 19th-mid 20th Century
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France, Britain, Germany (New), Belgium (New), Japan (new), US (new)
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Could have major tensions: CONGRESS OF BERLIN designed to avert war
between various European nations
Why?
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3 C’s: “Christianity, Commerce, and Civilization”
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Missionary Activities: bring Christianity to the heathens
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Industrial Revolution
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Need for raw materials (coal, oil, copper, etc.)
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Search for new markets—sell surplus goods
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Surplus capital to invest (build factories in foreign countries)
Civilization
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Social Darwinism: belief that some people are less well developed and thus
unfit to rule
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Racial superiority belief by Euros
Other Justifications
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Paternalism: Euros should take care of world like a father
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Nationalism: everyone else doing it, so why not us?
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Show how “big and bad” you are
Propaganda
Jingoism
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Geopolitics: take colonies to protect things that you already have or as
“bargaining chips”
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Sheer curiosity
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Outlet for Surplus Population
“Scramble for Africa”
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By 1900, most of Africa under European control
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Why?
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Zimbabwe—minerals
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Uganda, Malawi: missionaries
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Egypt: strategic reasons (Suez Canal)
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Congo: Ivory
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South Africa: gold and diamonds
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Some: just to stop another country or to keep balance of power
Where?
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Britain, India and Afghanistan
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Japan, Korea
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France, Indochina (later Vietnam)
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Have to be very harsh when necessary—maintain control
How?
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Superior Technology
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Steam ships; repeating guns; medicines for tropical diseases
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Could do things and go places they couldn’t in “old” imperialism
Summary Question
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Can you justify imperialism as a democracy? Why or why not?
Government of Colonies
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Concession: local government grants foreign business privileges
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Sphere of Influence: powerful nation secured exclusive economic priviles in
an area
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Protectorate: native ruler in power but controlled by imperial nation
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Colony: direct rule by imperial power
Effects of Imperialism on Imperial Countries
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Creation of Global Economy dominated by Euros
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Increased Wealth
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Women encouraged to have more children
Effects of Imperialism on Imperialized
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Local warfare reduced, but wars with Europeans increased
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Industrialization improved daily life
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Natives lost control over economy and governments
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Traditional cultures dismantled as natives assimilated into world economy
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Artificial boundaries are created at the whims of Europeans which would create
later problems and divisions
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Natives never given resources and knowledge to continue progress without
guidance of Europeans—makes later decolonization tough